基于非测距的无线传感器网络定位技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 03:39

本文选题：无线传感器网络 + 距离无关　；参考：《南京邮电大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线传感器网络的节点定位是应用领域的重要技术支撑,是一种新型的数据采集技术。无线传感器网络是计算机、微电子、无线通信及无线网络等多门学科的高度融合,应用广泛,例如森林火灾的定位、农业生态环境数据收集、山区昆虫的生活习性统计、工业控制、医疗和军事救助等等,获得节点位置是基本的应用需求。根据目前国内外学者的研究进展,结合无线传感器网络的特有属性,有针对性的对其中的节点定位技术展开讨论。定位的原理不同,无线传感器网络定位算法分类也不同,可分为非测距(也称距离无关)的定位算法和基于测距(也称基于距离的)的定位算法两大类,非测距的定位算法比基于测距相关定位算法更具有应用优势。所以距离无关的定位算法是本文研究重点,主要内容包括:(1)主要介绍几种典型的距离无关的定位算法,并把算法涉及到的数学原理进行了详细介绍,简要分析了算法的优点和缺点,最后介绍相关算法的创新应用。(2)DV-Hop定位算法的定位误差还有改善空间,在现有研究的基础上提出了一种平均跳距优化的新型定位算法。改进算法在节点间采用多通信半径方法进行通信和广播,由此细化节点间的跳数,计算未知节点平均跳距时,首先把孤立节点剔除,然后对利用锚节点平均跳距得到的与未知节点的距离进行加权归一化处理,对未知节点的平均跳距引用加权因子,降低定位误差。仿真结果显示该算法有效地降低了DV-Hop算法的定位误差。(3)对DV-Hop算法进行进一步引申,使其应用到三维空间。针对3D-DV-Hop算法中由节点间跳数值引起的误差问题,使用双通信半径进行修正,同二维平面相似,也可以用权值进行距离修正,最后选取相关数学计算方法求得坐标,可采用最小二乘法。仿真实验表明改进算法在三维空间也能够具有较高的定位精度。
[Abstract]:Node location in wireless sensor networks (WSN) is an important technical support in application field, and it is a new data acquisition technology. Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a highly integrated science of computer, microelectronics, wireless communication and wireless network. It is widely used in many fields, such as forest fire location, agricultural ecological environment data collection, living habits statistics of insects in mountainous areas, etc. Industrial control, medical and military assistance and so on, access to node location is the basic application requirements. According to the research progress of domestic and foreign scholars at home and abroad, combined with the unique properties of wireless sensor networks, the node location technology is discussed. The principle of location is different, and the classification of wireless sensor network localization algorithm is also different. It can be divided into two categories: non-ranging (also called range-independent) and range-based (also called distance-based). The non-ranging localization algorithm has more advantages than the ranging-related localization algorithm. So the distance independent localization algorithm is the focus of this paper. The main contents include: 1) introduce several typical distance independent localization algorithms, and introduce the mathematical principle of the algorithm in detail. The advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm are briefly analyzed. Finally, the localization error of the DV-Hop localization algorithm is introduced. Based on the existing research, a new location algorithm for the optimization of average hopping distance is proposed. The improved algorithm uses the method of multi-communication radius to communicate and broadcast between nodes, which refines the number of hops between nodes, calculates the average hopping distance of unknown nodes, and removes the isolated nodes first. Then, the distance between the unknown node and the anchor node is normalized by using the average hopping distance of the anchor node, and the average hop distance of the unknown node is referenced by the weighting factor to reduce the positioning error. Simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively reduce the location error of the DV-Hop algorithm and further extend the DV-Hop algorithm to 3D space. In order to solve the error problem caused by the hopping between nodes in 3D-DV-Hop algorithm, the double communication radius is used to correct the error. Similar to the two-dimensional plane, the weight value can also be used to correct the distance. Finally, the coordinate is obtained by selecting the relevant mathematical calculation method. The least square method can be used. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm can also have high positioning accuracy in three-dimensional space.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

【参考文献】