面向人类回声定位的系统建模与分析

发布时间：2018-05-16 01:01

本文选题：人类回声定位 + 听觉系统　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：回声定位是人类的一项基本认知功能,每个人都有利用回声感知周围环境的潜能。研究人类回声定位,不仅可以让人们对自身这一基本认知能力有更清楚的认识,还可以提出一类新的面向环境感知的信号处理方法,进而可为研制便携式回声定位装置提供一定的理论依据和技术支持。本文以心理学、生理学、解剖学等行为学科为背景,重点研究了人类回声定位的生物机理和信号处理机制,构建了完整的人类回声定位系统模型,并针对几种典型的感知场景进行了模拟与分析。论文主要工作可总结如下:1)研究了声学后向散射的机理,给出了目标声音信号数学模型,并将目标建模的信号与实验系统采集的信号相比较,验证了模型的正确性。2)研究了人类听觉系统的生理结构及其各部分在声音传播和感知过程中的作用,实现了外耳中耳数学模型、基底膜数学模型、内毛细胞—听神经数学模型、听觉中枢数学模型,四个模块连接起来,构建出了完整的听觉系统模型,并对模型的各模块输出信号进行仿真。3)将目标建模模块和听觉系统模块级联,构建了完整的人类听觉系统模型,并对模型的各环节进行仿真。4)针对三种典型的感知场景:距离检测、方向定位以及形状识别,分别采用目标建模信号和实验系统采集信号作为人类听觉系统模型的输入,对系统模型的输出信号进行了分析,分别采用pitch感知模型和神经元发放率两种方法提取信号特征,实现了目标距离和方位的测量,以及形状的感知与识别。
[Abstract]:Echolocation is a basic cognitive function of human beings. The study of human echolocation can not only make people have a clearer understanding of their own basic cognitive ability, but also provide a new kind of signal processing method for environmental perception. It can provide some theoretical basis and technical support for the development of portable echolocation device. In this paper, the biological mechanism and signal processing mechanism of human echolocation are studied in the background of psychology, physiology, anatomy and other behavioral disciplines, and a complete human echolocation system model is constructed. Several typical perceptual scenes are simulated and analyzed. The main work of this paper can be summarized as follows: (1) the mechanism of acoustic backscattering is studied, the mathematical model of target sound signal is given, and the target modeling signal is compared with the signal collected by the experimental system. The correctness of the model is verified. 2) the physiological structure of the human auditory system and its role in sound transmission and perception are studied. The mathematical model of the middle ear of the outer ear, the mathematical model of the basement membrane, the mathematical model of the inner hair cell and the auditory nerve are realized. The mathematical model of auditory center is connected with four modules to construct a complete auditory system model, and the output signals of each module of the model are simulated. 3) the target modeling module and the auditory system module are cascaded. A complete human auditory system model is constructed, and each link of the model is simulated. 4) aiming at three typical perceptual scenes: distance detection, direction location and shape recognition, The target modeling signal and the experimental system acquisition signal are used as the input of the human auditory system model, the output signals of the system model are analyzed, and the signal features are extracted by the pitch perceptual model and the neuron emitter rate, respectively. The measurement of target distance and azimuth as well as the perception and recognition of shape are realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN912.3

【参考文献】