宽带宽角扫描共形相控阵技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 00:05

本文选题：宽带宽角扫描 + Vivaldi天线　；参考：《电子科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：相控阵雷达广泛应用于制导、探测、识别、跟踪等领域,宽带相控阵雷达能实现多目标分辨和高精度测距等,且具备低截获率和低可探性等优势;宽角扫描相控阵雷达能够在较大的空域内发现目标,及时预警来自某些盲区的致命打击;共形技术是实现相控阵雷达大角度扫描的一种有效手段。本文围绕着宽带宽角扫描共形相控阵技术展开研究,主要内容如下:首先,针对宽带宽角扫描阵列对阵元的要求,设计出一种微带形式的小型化宽带宽波束Vivaldi天线,并对金属表面进行切角处理,使得改进型Vivaldi天线的波束宽度进一步展宽。针对Vivaldi天线又提出了三种在宽频带内有效展宽波束宽度的天线形式,设计的宽带宽波束单元天线适用于宽带宽角扫描阵列中。其次,针对宽带宽角扫描平面阵列在扫描过程中出现栅瓣和扫描盲点的现象,分别采用三角栅格的布阵方式和在辐射口径上方添加两层薄介质匹配层的方法,有效解决了扫描栅瓣和盲点的问题。设计了一种宽带宽角扫描平面相控阵天线,在8~18GHz频带内可实现±45度的空域扫描范围,4dB增益损耗内扫描范围可达到±60度。再次,针对宽带宽角扫描共形阵列的设计问题,给出了口径幅相投影法的综合步骤,采用广义有源矢量方向图进行综合,提高了共形阵列综合的准确性,同时考虑到共形载体的遮挡效应,对部分阵元失效处理,降低了方向图远区副瓣。设计了一种宽带宽角扫描圆柱面周向共形的阵列天线,在8~18GHz频带内可实现±75度的空域扫描范围。最后,针对圆柱面轴向共形阵列方向图的综合问题,给出了一种改进的自适应遗传算法。该算法通过引入基因多样性的概念,增加了进化过程中种群的多样性,改善早熟现象。采用改进的遗传算法对圆柱共形阵列轴向扫描方向图进行综合,在实现宽带宽角扫描的同时,可有效降低方向图远区副瓣。
[Abstract]:Phased array radar is widely used in guidance, detection, identification, tracking and other fields. Wideband phased array radar can achieve multi-target resolution and high-precision ranging, and has the advantages of low interception rate and low detectability. The wide-angle scanning phased array radar can find the target in a large airspace and warn the fatal strike from some blind areas in time. Conformal technology is an effective means to realize the large angle scanning of phased array radar. This paper focuses on the broadband wide-angle scanning conformal phased array technology. The main contents are as follows: firstly, a miniaturized wideband wide-beam Vivaldi antenna in microstrip form is designed to meet the requirements of wideband wide-angle scanning array. The beamwidth of the improved Vivaldi antenna is further broadened by cutting angle on the metal surface. For the Vivaldi antenna, three kinds of antenna forms which can effectively widen the beam width in a wide band are proposed. The designed broadband wide-beam cell antenna is suitable for wideband wide-angle scanning array. Secondly, aiming at the phenomenon of grid lobe and blind spot in the scanning process of wide-angle scanning plane array, the triangular grid array and the method of adding two layers of thin media matching layer above the radiation aperture are adopted, respectively. The problem of scan gate lobe and blind spot is solved effectively. A wideband wide-angle scanning planar phased array antenna is designed. The spatial scanning range of 卤45 degrees can be achieved in the 8~18GHz band, and the gain loss internal scanning range can reach 卤60 degrees. Thirdly, aiming at the design of wide-band wide-angle scanning conformal array, the synthetic steps of aperture amplitude-phase projection method are given. The generalized active vector pattern is used to synthesize the conformal array, and the accuracy of conformal array synthesis is improved. Considering the occlusion effect of conformal carrier, partial array element failure treatment is taken into account and the distal sidelobe is reduced. A wide-band wide-angle scanning cylindrical circumferential conformal array antenna is designed. The scanning range of 卤75 degrees can be realized in the 8~18GHz band. Finally, an improved adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed for the synthesis of cylindrical axial conformal array patterns. By introducing the concept of genetic diversity, the algorithm increases the diversity of population and improves the phenomenon of precocity. The improved genetic algorithm is used to synthesize the axial scanning pattern of the cylindrical conformal array, which can effectively reduce the far sidelobe of the pattern while the wide angle scanning is realized.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820

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