空时四维天线阵及强互耦宽带相控阵理论与关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 19:15

本文选题：阵列天线 + 四维天线　；参考：《电子科技大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：阵列天线是无线电子系统的关键器件,其特性影响整个系统的性能。现代无线电系统的发展日新月异,系统所处的电磁环境也愈形复杂,凡此种种对天线辐射口径与辐射性能提出苛刻要求。而现有天线理论与技术都是通过幅相控制,仅在空间上对辐射能量进行调配,难以解决某些复杂的阵列辐射问题。另一方面,未来作战平台无线电子系统的发展趋势是,在复杂的电磁环境下实现侦察、干扰、探测、通信一体化。这要求天线也越来越趋于多种功能的高度集成化,研究超宽工作频带覆盖的相控阵天线势在必行。而传统相控阵天线受限于单元间互耦效应,难以进一步拓展阻抗带宽。因此,必须从天线辐射的物理本质出发,寻求阵列辐射控制新机理与波束形成新技术。为因应上述传统阵列天线的挑战与需求,本论文从时域Maxwell方程中的空时四维场源关系与传统被视为天线设计阻碍的互耦效应两个角度出发,开展两种基于新机理的阵列天线技术—四维天线阵与强互耦宽带相控阵—的基础理论与关键技术研究。重点研究了四维天线阵的复杂赋形波束高效形成及其在雷达中的应用基础,以及利用阵元间强互耦效应拓展相控阵阻抗带宽等几个方面。论文的主要研究内容与成果概述如下:1.四维天线阵的复杂赋形波束高效综合针对大型面阵的高效波束形成应用,提出基于四维天线阵的复杂赋形波束高效综合方法。该方法联合了Woodward-Lawson法与差分进化算法,同时具备解析方法与优化方法的优点。研究了直角坐标系下三维方向图的几种呈现方式,提出可绘出极坐标三维图形效果的直角坐标图之方法。利用遗传算法优化馈电相位,改善数字移相器量化馈相引起的副瓣恶化。数值结果显示四维天线阵在极低的动态范围比情况下,可以综合出具有低副瓣低波纹抖动度的复杂形状方向图。2.四维天线阵在MIMO雷达中的应用基础探讨四维天线阵在MIMO系统中的适用条件,推导出调制时序之限定形式。提出一种基于子阵化四维天线阵的MIMO雷达—STM-MIMO雷达。将雷达的发射天线划分为若干重叠的子阵,每个子阵受高速射频开关调控并发射相互正交的波形,接收端使用常规均匀线阵接收目标回波信号。然后分析STM-MIMO雷达的非自适应波束形成与自适应波束形成,并与MIMO雷达和相控阵雷达进行比较研究。与波束形成密切相关的参数如时序,干扰源数目,噪声,子阵数目等均被考虑并分析其影响。数值算例的结果显示,STM-MIMO雷达在波束形成、输出信干噪比等方面具有出色的性能。3.基于四维天线阵的雷达测向新技术基于一种单向相位中心运动时序,发现工作于此种时序的四维天线阵在进行发射/接收时,通过提取信号载波产生的多普勒频率即可测定目标之方位角。提出了基于四维天线阵的新型雷达测向系统架构,并详述其工作原理,给出初步仿真模拟结果。最后加工八单元印刷偶极子四维天线阵,搭建实验平台,展开四维天线阵测向技术的实验研究。测试结果证实了这种测向新方法的有效性。通过对比,展示该方法相对于传统测向技术具有若干优势。4.基于强互耦效应的超宽带共孔径相控阵天线根据单元间互耦效应与阻抗带宽之间的关系,设计出一款宽带相控阵印刷偶极子单元。进一步,提出一种高低频段天线共孔径方案,在E面组成等间距线阵(低频天线八单元,高频天线二十四单元),在一副口径上实现了更宽频带的超宽带阻抗带宽范围与宽扫描角范围。针对共孔径天线扫描时高频段出现的栅瓣现象,从天线辐射机理探究其成因,然后在高低频天线之间引入电磁带隙结构,显著抑制了栅瓣电平。
[Abstract]:The array antenna is the key component of the wireless electronic system. Its characteristics affect the performance of the whole system. The development of the modern radio system is changing with each passing day. The electromagnetic environment in the system is more complicated. All these have a strict requirement for the radiant aperture and radiation performance of the antenna. The existing antenna theory and technology are controlled by amplitude and phase, only It is difficult to solve some complex array radiation problems in space. On the other hand, the development trend of wireless electronic system in future operational platform is to realize reconnaissance, interference, detection and communication in complex electromagnetic environment. The phased array antenna with wide bandwidth coverage is imperative. While the traditional phased array antenna is limited to the mutual coupling effect between the units, it is difficult to further expand the impedance bandwidth. Therefore, the new mechanism of array radiation control and the new beam forming technology must be sought from the physical nature of the antenna radiation. In this paper, the basic theory and key technology of two new mechanism array antenna array and strong mutual coupling wideband phased array are studied from the two angles of the space time four dimensional field source relation in the time domain Maxwell equation and the mutual coupling effect considered as the traditional antenna design impediment. The research of the basic theory and key technology of the four dimension antenna array and the strong mutual coupling wideband phased array is studied. The efficient formation of complex shaped beamforming and its application in radar, and the use of strong mutual coupling effect to expand the impedance bandwidth of phased array. The main contents and achievements of this paper are summarized as follows: 1. the complex shaped beam of the four dimensional antenna array is highly efficient for the application of high efficient beamforming for large array. This method combines the Woodward-Lawson method and the differential evolution algorithm based on the four dimensional antenna array. This method combines the advantages of the analytic method and the optimization method. It studies several ways of presenting the three-dimensional direction map under the Cartesian coordinate system, and puts forward the square coordinate graph which can draw the three-dimensional graphic effect of the polar coordinates. Method. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the feed phase and improve the sidelobe deterioration caused by the digital phase shifter. The numerical results show that a four dimensional antenna array with a low sidelobe and low waviness can synthesize a complex shape pattern with low sidelobe and low ripple dither.2. four dimensional sky line array in the MIMO radar. The suitable condition of the antenna array in the MIMO system derives the limited form of the modulation sequence. A MIMO radar - STM-MIMO radar based on the subarray four dimensional antenna array is proposed. The radar transmitting antenna is divided into several overlapping subarrays. Each subarray is controlled by the high-speed radio frequency switch to shoot the orthogonal waveforms of each other, and the receiver uses the routine. The uniform linear array receives the target echo signal. Then the non adaptive beamforming and adaptive beamforming of STM-MIMO radar are analyzed and compared with the MIMO radar and phased array radar. The parameters such as time series, the number of interference sources, noise and the number of subarrays are considered and analyzed. The results show that the STM-MIMO radar has excellent performance in beamforming, output signal to noise ratio, and so on..3. based on four dimensional antenna array is based on a one-way phase center motion sequence. It is found that the Doppler frequency produced by the signal carrier is extracted when the four dimensional antenna array working in this time sequence is transmitted and received. The azimuth angle of the target can be measured by the rate. A new radar direction finding system based on the four-dimensional antenna array is proposed, and its working principle is described and the preliminary simulation results are given. Finally, the eight unit printed dipole four dimension antenna array is processed, the experimental platform is built, and the experimental research of the four dimension antenna array direction finding technique is carried out. The test results confirm this The effectiveness of a new approach is presented. By contrast, it is shown that the method has several advantages relative to the traditional direction finding technology..4. based on the strong mutual coupling effect, a broadband phased array printed dipole unit is designed based on the relationship between the mutual coupling effect and the impedance bandwidth. The common aperture scheme of low frequency antenna is made up of an equal interval linear array (eight unit of low frequency antenna and twenty-four unit of high frequency antenna) on the E surface. The wideband impedance bandwidth and wide scanning angle range of the broadband band are realized on one pair of aperture. Then, the electromagnetic band gap structure is introduced between the high and low frequency antennas, and the gate lobe level is significantly suppressed.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN820

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