新型基片集成波导漏波天线的研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 02:38

本文选题：漏波天线 + 基片集成波导　；参考：《南京邮电大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：漏波天线是一种典型的行波天线,自上个世纪40年代W.W.Hansen设计出第一个漏波天线以后,一直就是天线研究人员的研究热点之一,而且在微波和微波以上频段得到了广泛应用。具有良好的定向辐射特性和频率扫描能力,能够通过共形处理安设于飞行装置的表面,也可用于高分辨率的雷达,以及在空间受限的地方内为各种移动终端提供电磁覆盖。漏波天线最初是在金属波导的基础上设计的,具有机械强度优异等优点。但是占用空间大,携带困难,制作难度大,材料贵,难以小型化。随着平面传输线的出现,多款平面漏波天线被相继提出,可以方便地集成在印刷电路板上,但在高频频段仍然有一些问题无法得到解决。直到基片集成波导被发明,极大推动了漏波天线的相关研究,使其在无线通信系统中得到了成熟的应用。本文对漏波天线的基本原理进行了阐述和研究,在基片集成波导的基础上,提出了周期横槽漏波天线阵列,实现天线的小型化,提高了空间利用率,还提出了两种圆极化空间谐波漏波天线,增强了天线的抗干扰能力,拓展了漏波天线的应用领域具有重要的研究意义。主要工作如下:(1)周期横槽SIW漏波天线长度过长,空间利用率不高,为了改善这些缺点,通过减少周期横槽SIW漏波天线的缝隙数目,来缩短天线长度,并以此作为单元天线,将4个完全相同的单元纵向排列,组成一个阵列天线,通过一个一分四威尔金森功分器馈电,以达到缩小天线的尺寸的目的。长度较之前能够缩短60%,且天线的工作频带不变,增益良好,实现了天线的小型化。此小型化天线可以应用于空间有限,对尺寸有限制的场景。(2)周期性漏波天线引入了周期性的扰动,根据傅里叶定理,周期性的扰动会产生了无数个空间谐波,只要其中某些空间谐波是快波,那么漏波天线就可以实现在慢波模式下工作。为了提高空间谐波漏波天线的抗干扰能力,设计了两款圆极化空间谐波漏波天线,包括周期H型槽空间谐波漏波天线,以及周期十字型槽空间谐波漏波天线。这两款圆极化空间谐波漏波天线由于工作频带较高,所以结构上更加紧凑,容易集成,并且都具有良好的方向性,能够实现后向象限频率扫描特性,可以圆极化辐射,不易受地球磁场和天气的影响。上述天线均进行了实测,验证了模型的可行性和准确性。
[Abstract]:Leaky wave antenna is a typical traveling wave antenna. Since the first leaky wave antenna was designed by W.W.Hansen in 1940s, it has been one of the research hotspots of antenna researchers, and has been widely used in microwave and microwave frequency range. It has good directional radiation characteristics and frequency scanning ability. It can be used in high resolution radar by conformal processing on the surface of flying device, and provide electromagnetic coverage for all kinds of mobile terminals in the limited space. The leaky wave antenna was originally designed on the basis of metal waveguide, which has the advantages of excellent mechanical strength and so on. But the occupation space is big, carries the difficulty, the manufacture difficulty is big, the material is expensive, is difficult to miniaturize. With the appearance of planar transmission lines, many planar leaky wave antennas have been proposed one after another, which can be easily integrated on printed circuit boards, but there are still some problems in the high frequency band that can not be solved. Until the invention of substrate integrated waveguide, the research of leaky wave antenna has been greatly promoted, which has made it a mature application in wireless communication system. In this paper, the basic principle of the leaky wave antenna is described and studied. On the basis of the substrate integrated waveguide, the periodic transverse slot leaky wave antenna array is proposed, which can realize the miniaturization of the antenna and improve the space utilization ratio. Two kinds of circularly polarized space harmonic leaky wave antennas are also proposed, which enhance the anti-jamming ability of the antennas and expand the application field of the leaky wave antennas. The main work is as follows: (1) the length of the periodic transverse slot SIW leaky wave antenna is too long and the space utilization ratio is not high. In order to improve these shortcomings, the length of the periodic transverse slot SIW leaky wave antenna can be shortened by reducing the number of gaps in the periodic transverse slot SIW leaky wave antenna. Four identical elements are arranged longitudinally to form an array antenna and feed through a four-point Wilkinson power divider to reduce the size of the antenna. The length of the antenna can be shortened by 60%, and the working band of the antenna is invariable and the gain is good, so the antenna can be miniaturized. The miniaturized antenna can be used in the space limited scene. (2) the periodic leaky wave antenna has introduced periodic disturbance. According to Fourier theorem, the periodic disturbance will produce numerous spatial harmonics. As long as some of the spatial harmonics are fast, the leaky wave antenna can work in slow wave mode. In order to improve the anti-jamming ability of space harmonic leaky wave antenna, two circularly polarized space harmonic leakage wave antennas are designed, including periodic H slot space harmonic leakage wave antenna and periodic cross-slot space harmonic leakage wave antenna. These two circularly polarized spatial harmonic leaky wave antennas are more compact in structure, easy to integrate, and both have good directivity because of their high working frequency band. They can realize the characteristics of backward quadrant frequency scanning and circular polarization radiation. Not easily affected by the Earth's magnetic field and weather. The above antennas are measured to verify the feasibility and accuracy of the model.
【学位授予单位】：南京邮电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN822.6

【相似文献】