基于水声信号处理的落水集装箱探测定位研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 23:06

本文选题：定位 + 传感器网络　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着航运事业的发展,越来越多的物品运输都是通过航运以集装箱的形式完成的,海洋运输的时候也时常会发生集装箱的落水事故。当落水事故发生时,协助打捞部门对落水的集装箱进行及时快速的打捞,可以把落水集装箱及其里面装载的物品会对航道及海洋环境造成二次污染的损失降低到最小。因此,对于落水集装箱的探测定位是一个重要的研究课题。无线传感器网络在环境检测、信息采集、目标定位以及目标追踪等领域有着广泛的应用。传统的落水集装箱探测定位技术存在探测定位效率低、成本高的不足。无线传感器网络具有成本低、自组织、低功耗的特点,适合运用在落水集装箱的探测定位系统中。本文结合无线通信技术和传感器网络提出了一种基于水声信号处理的落水集装箱探测定位系统,利用水面探测节点与安装在落水集装箱上的水声信标之间的水声通信,实现对水下集装箱的探测与测距,并在此基础之上实现对水下集装箱的定位。首先,研究了常用的无线传感器网络定位技术,并针对落水集装箱探测定位的特点设计了一种高效的落水集装箱测距技术方案,以达到降低能耗、提高定位效率的目的。为了避免对不同落水集装箱探测定位时产生的干扰问题,还提出了一种基于时频编址技术,以区分不同的集装箱。然后,利用水声通信开发板编程实现了测距、时频编址和相应的定位功能。论文还就水面探测传感器网络的布置问题进行了研究,建立了4覆盖数学优化模型,并对该数学模型的求解结果进行验证。最后结合硬件平台对系统的功能进行了实验测试,并给出测试结果及分析。
[Abstract]:With the development of shipping, more and more goods are transported by shipping in the form of containers. When the falling accident occurs, assisting the salvage department to salvage the falling container in time and fast, can reduce the loss of secondary pollution to the waterway and marine environment caused by the falling container and its contents. Therefore, the detection and positioning of falling containers is an important research topic. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are widely used in environment detection, information collection, target location and target tracking. The traditional technology of detecting and positioning of falling water container has the disadvantages of low efficiency and high cost. Wireless sensor networks have the characteristics of low cost, self-organization and low power consumption. Combined with wireless communication technology and sensor network, this paper presents a positioning system for underwater containers based on underwater acoustic signal processing, which uses underwater acoustic communication between water surface detection nodes and underwater acoustic beacons installed on falling containers. The detection and ranging of underwater container are realized, and the positioning of underwater container is realized on this basis. First of all, the commonly used wireless sensor network positioning technology is studied, and an efficient location technology scheme is designed to reduce energy consumption and improve positioning efficiency according to the characteristics of overboard container detection and positioning. In order to avoid the interference in detecting and locating different overboard containers, a time-frequency addressing technique is proposed to distinguish different containers. Then, the underwater acoustic communication development board is used to program ranging, time-frequency addressing and corresponding positioning functions. In this paper, the layout of water surface detection sensor network is studied, and the 4-coverage mathematical optimization model is established, and the solution results of the mathematical model are verified. Finally, the function of the system is tested with hardware platform, and the test results and analysis are given.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.3;TP212.9

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