宽带介质谐振器天线的研究与设计

发布时间：2019-05-11 03:15

【摘要】：天线作为无线网络和无线设备中将导行波转化成电磁波传播的核心部件,在无线通信中起着十分重要的作用,而介质谐振天线(DRA)作为一种新型天线在近些年的到了广泛的研究。介质谐振器具有独特的三维结构,设计结构多样;且介质谐振器没有导体损耗,辐射效率较高,十分适用于毫米波段;此外,DRA还有馈电方式灵活,易于集成等优势,由此可见对研究DRA对天线领域有着重大的意义。由于应用需求,天线的宽带技术在通信界及产业界一直备受重视,介质谐振天线具有其灵活的宽带技术,宽带介质谐振天线的应用前景不容忽视。本文对宽带介质谐振天线展开了研究,具体工作包括:1、对近年来各种宽带介质谐振天线进行举例说明,对介质谐振器的带宽展宽技术进行研究并分类总结,介质谐振器的宽带技术大致可以分为以下几个:采用新型结构、优化馈电机制、使用混合天线、降低天线Q值、增加天线寄生单元。对基本结构的介质谐振器场分布及主要参数进行介绍,对介质谐振天线馈电方式进行分类总结。2、设计了一种混合结构宽带介质谐振天线,该天线为微带贴片天线加载矩形介质谐振器做为介质谐振天线,设计一定尺寸的介质谐振器,使之谐振频率在微带天线频率附近,从而达到展宽带宽的效果,天线采用微带线馈电。经过优化设计,该天线获得88.27%的相对带宽,频率覆盖1.31-3.38GHz。并且对所设计天线进行了加工测试,测试结果显示天线增益最大可达到10.93dB,辐射效率最大达到89.24%。3、设计了一种毫米波段宽带介质谐振天线,设计合适的天线尺寸和选用合适的相对介电常数材料,使天线的谐振频率在毫米波段,介质谐振器为半圆环拱桥形结构,采用镂空的结构是为了在介质谐振器与介质基板之间引入空气层,从而降低天线的Q值,进而展宽带宽。所设计的天线具有优秀的带宽特性,天线的带宽覆31.2-64.4GHz,具有33.2Ghz的回波损耗带宽,相对带宽为69.46%,天线的谐振频率点在36.8GHz,在整个工作频段内的天线平均增益在6dB左右,平均辐射效率在76%左右。4、设计了一款新型贴片馈电的新型结构宽带介质谐振天线,选用T形形状的介质谐振器作为辐射腔体,天线的频率特性由天线的结构、尺寸、相对介电常数决定,贴片刻蚀在介质谐振器表面,为倒阶梯型结构,该贴片作为馈电,经过验证具有展宽带宽的作用。对天线进行加工测试,测试结果显示,天线的实际工作频率为3.09-7.68Ghz,具有85.23%的相对带宽,且在工作频段内天线增益均大于4dB左右,天线具有良好的方向性,在5GHz有最高10.04dB的增益,96.5%的辐射效率,天线的各项性能良好。
[Abstract]:Antenna, as the core component of converting guided wave into electromagnetic wave propagation in wireless network and wireless equipment, plays a very important role in wireless communication. As a new type of antenna, dielectric resonant antenna (DRA) has been widely studied in recent years. The dielectric resonator has a unique three-dimensional structure and a variety of design structures, and the dielectric resonator has no conductor loss and high radiation efficiency, so it is very suitable for millimeter band. In addition, DRA has the advantages of flexible feed mode and easy integration, which shows that it is of great significance to the study of DRA in the field of antenna. Due to the application demand, the broadband technology of antenna has been paid more and more attention in the field of communication and industry. Dielectric resonant antenna has its flexible broadband technology, and the application prospect of broadband dielectric resonant antenna can not be ignored. In this paper, the broadband dielectric resonant antenna is studied, including: 1, various broadband dielectric resonant antennas are illustrated by examples in recent years, and the bandwidth broadening technology of dielectric resonator is studied and classified. The broadband technology of dielectric resonator can be divided into the following: adopting new structure, optimizing feed mechanism, using hybrid antenna, reducing antenna Q value and increasing antenna parasitic unit. The field distribution and main parameters of the dielectric resonator with basic structure are introduced, and the feed modes of the dielectric resonant antenna are classified and summarized. 2, a hybrid structure broadband dielectric resonant antenna is designed. The antenna is loaded with rectangular dielectric resonator for microstrip patch antenna as dielectric resonant antenna, and a dielectric resonator of a certain size is designed so that the resonant frequency is near the frequency of microstrip antenna, so as to achieve the effect of broadening bandwidth. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line. After optimization design, the relative bandwidth of the antenna is 88.27%, and the frequency coverage is 1.31 鈮，

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