平面微带相控阵天线大角度低旁瓣扫描问题研究
发布时间：2019-05-28 17:51
【摘要】：相控阵天线由于具有快速扫描的特点,使其在雷达探测以及卫星通信等领域具有不可替代的作用。针对平面相控阵天线,为了使其波束扫描范围更大,应用范围更广,近年来研究学者们把重点放在了对相控阵天线扫描角度的扩展和波束质量的优化上。本学位论文是以平面微带相控阵天线为研究载体,对相控阵天线的大角度扫描及低旁瓣优化问题进行研究和探讨,主要内容如下:第一部分主要对不同形式的宽波束相控阵单元天线的工作特点和原理进行研究和分析。首先,在平面微带天线结构中,运用缝隙等结构产生等效磁流。分析磁流和电流在无限大金属地板环境下的不同辐射状态。根据金属表面的边界条件和镜像原理分析得出平面磁流对于微带天线宽波束和低仰角辐射的产生具有重要作用,并据此设计具有宽波束或低仰角辐射特性的微带平面天线。其次,分析了基片集成波导结构的缝隙天线。通过理论及仿真介绍基片集成波导上缝隙的排布方式以及工作原理,分析缝隙对天线辐射的影响,最终获得宽波束辐射特性。最后,在微带天线上将磁流和电流相结合,得到一种产生宽波束圆极化辐射方向图的电磁偶极子天线。分析了电流和磁流同时产生的方法,以及二者之间幅度和相位的调节,水平极化电场和垂直极化电场在保持幅度相同的情况下实现90°相位差地结合,形成圆极化辐射波束。将这三种基本的原理引入到微带天线中,设计了四种不同形式的宽波束或低仰角高增益波束覆盖的单元天线,为后面的相控阵天线大角度扫描研究打下了基础。第二部分主要对平面微带相控阵天线的大角度扫描问题进行了研究,对不同天线单元以及不同相控阵结构的特点进行了分析和总结。首先,介绍了以微带磁偶极子单元天线和微带磁偶极子八木子阵所构建的两种相控阵天线的阵列排布方式及工作原理。阵列中重点研究了耦合贴片结构在阵列有源单元间耦合能量传递方面所起到的作用。在耦合作用的帮助下阵列的有源单元方向图相比自由环境中得到了扩展,使得阵列的扫描角度大幅度提高。其次,以基片集成波导缝隙天线为单元构建相控阵天线。阵列中金属通孔所构成的等效电壁保证了单元天线电场模式稳定,有源单元保持17%以上的相对带宽。相控阵在工作频带内保持大角度的扫描范围。然后,以电磁偶极子天线为单元构建相控阵天线,分析阵列结构对有源单元辐射方向图的极化和波束宽度等参数的影响,实现了大角度的圆极化扫描。最后,在平面微带正方形贴片天线上同时激励TM010模式和零阶谐振(ZOR)模式,利用二者在方向图上互补的特点形成宽波束覆盖的辐射方向图,由其构建的6×6的平面相控阵天线实现了二维空间上的双极化大角度扫描。第三部分主要以微带磁偶极子相控阵为载体,研究大角度范围内的扫描波束低旁瓣优化问题。首先,采用遗传算法对阵因子进行优化,利用CST计算得出的有源单元方向图作为阵因子中的单元,从而计及耦合所带来的影响。实验表明该方法可以有效降低大角度扫描范围内扫描波束的旁瓣大小。然后,运用神经网络预测的方法代替阵因子对相控阵的扫描波束进行模拟计算。通过反馈式神经网络对阵列进行模拟,其计算结果避免了耦合匹配等不确定因素的干扰,更加准确。对预测结果运用遗传算法进行优化。最后,对优化结果进行试验验证,仿真和测试都证实了该方法在大角度范围内实现了对旁瓣的优化。
[Abstract]:The phased array antenna has an irreplaceable role in the fields of radar detection and satellite communication due to the characteristics of fast scanning. In order to make the beam scanning range of the phased array antenna larger and the application range is wider, the research scholars have focused on the spread of the scanning angle of the phased-array antenna and the optimization of the beam quality in recent years. In this thesis, a planar microstrip phased array antenna is used as the research carrier, and the large-angle scanning and the low sidelobe optimization problem of the phased-array antenna are studied and discussed. The main contents are as follows: The first part mainly studies and analyzes the working characteristics and the principle of the wide-beam phased-array unit antenna in different forms. First, in a planar microstrip antenna structure, an equivalent magnetic flux is generated by using a structure such as a slot. The different radiation conditions of the magnetic flux and the current in an infinite metal floor environment are analyzed. According to the boundary condition and the mirror image principle of the metal surface, it is concluded that the plane magnetic flux plays an important role in the generation of the wide-beam and low-elevation radiation of the microstrip antenna, and the microstrip-plane antenna with a wide beam or low-elevation radiation characteristic is designed accordingly. Secondly, the slot antenna of the integrated waveguide structure of the substrate is analyzed. Through the theory and simulation, the arrangement mode and working principle of the slot on the integrated waveguide of the substrate are introduced, and the influence of the gap on the antenna radiation is analyzed, and the radiation characteristics of the wide beam are finally obtained. And finally, combining the magnetic current and the current on the microstrip antenna to obtain an electric magnetic dipole antenna which generates a wide beam circular polarization radiation pattern. The method for simultaneously generating the current and the magnetic current is analyzed, the amplitude and the phase of the current and the magnetic current are adjusted, the horizontal polarization electric field and the vertical polarized electric field are combined with a 90 degree phase difference under the condition that the amplitude is the same, and the circularly polarized radiation beam is formed. The three basic principles are introduced into the microstrip antenna, four different forms of wide-beam or low-elevation high-gain beam-covered cell antenna are designed, which lays a foundation for the large-angle scanning of the later phased-array antenna. The second part mainly studies the large-angle scanning of planar micro-strip phased array antenna, and analyses and summarizes the characteristics of different antenna elements and different phased array structures. First, the array arrangement and working principle of two phased array antennas based on the microstrip magnetic dipole element antenna and the microstrip magnetic dipole eight-wood sub-array are introduced. In that array, the role of the coupled patch structure in the energy transfer between the active elements of the array is studied. The active element direction diagram of the array is expanded in a free environment compared with the aid of the coupling action, so that the scanning angle of the array is greatly improved. And secondly, a phased array antenna is constructed by using a substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna as a unit. The equivalent electric wall of the metal through-hole in the array ensures that the electric field mode of the unit antenna is stable, and the active unit maintains relative bandwidth of more than 17%. The phased array maintains a wide angle of scanning range in the operating band. The effects of the array structure on the parameters such as the polarization and the beam width of the active unit's radiation pattern are analyzed, and the large-angle circular polarization scanning is realized. finally, the TM010 mode and the zero-order resonance (ZOR) mode are simultaneously excited on the planar micro-strip square patch antenna, The dual-polarization and large-angle scanning in the two-dimensional space is realized by the planar phased-array antenna of the 6-axis 6 constructed by the planar phased-array antenna. The third part mainly uses the micro-strip magnetic dipole phased array as the carrier to study the low sidelobe optimization problem of the scanning beam in the wide range of angles. First, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the array factor, and the active cell orientation map calculated by the CST is used as a unit in the array factor, thus taking into account the influence caused by the coupling. The experiment shows that the method can effectively reduce the sidelobe size of the scanning beam in the wide-angle scanning range. Then, the method of neural network prediction is used instead of the array factor to calculate the scanning beam of the phased array. The array is simulated by a feedback type neural network, and the calculation result avoids the interference of the uncertain factors such as the coupling matching and the like, and is more accurate. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the prediction results. Finally, the experimental verification, simulation and testing of the optimization results confirm that the method achieves the optimization of the sidelobe in a wide range of angles.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN821.8
本文编号：2487238
[Abstract]:The phased array antenna has an irreplaceable role in the fields of radar detection and satellite communication due to the characteristics of fast scanning. In order to make the beam scanning range of the phased array antenna larger and the application range is wider, the research scholars have focused on the spread of the scanning angle of the phased-array antenna and the optimization of the beam quality in recent years. In this thesis, a planar microstrip phased array antenna is used as the research carrier, and the large-angle scanning and the low sidelobe optimization problem of the phased-array antenna are studied and discussed. The main contents are as follows: The first part mainly studies and analyzes the working characteristics and the principle of the wide-beam phased-array unit antenna in different forms. First, in a planar microstrip antenna structure, an equivalent magnetic flux is generated by using a structure such as a slot. The different radiation conditions of the magnetic flux and the current in an infinite metal floor environment are analyzed. According to the boundary condition and the mirror image principle of the metal surface, it is concluded that the plane magnetic flux plays an important role in the generation of the wide-beam and low-elevation radiation of the microstrip antenna, and the microstrip-plane antenna with a wide beam or low-elevation radiation characteristic is designed accordingly. Secondly, the slot antenna of the integrated waveguide structure of the substrate is analyzed. Through the theory and simulation, the arrangement mode and working principle of the slot on the integrated waveguide of the substrate are introduced, and the influence of the gap on the antenna radiation is analyzed, and the radiation characteristics of the wide beam are finally obtained. And finally, combining the magnetic current and the current on the microstrip antenna to obtain an electric magnetic dipole antenna which generates a wide beam circular polarization radiation pattern. The method for simultaneously generating the current and the magnetic current is analyzed, the amplitude and the phase of the current and the magnetic current are adjusted, the horizontal polarization electric field and the vertical polarized electric field are combined with a 90 degree phase difference under the condition that the amplitude is the same, and the circularly polarized radiation beam is formed. The three basic principles are introduced into the microstrip antenna, four different forms of wide-beam or low-elevation high-gain beam-covered cell antenna are designed, which lays a foundation for the large-angle scanning of the later phased-array antenna. The second part mainly studies the large-angle scanning of planar micro-strip phased array antenna, and analyses and summarizes the characteristics of different antenna elements and different phased array structures. First, the array arrangement and working principle of two phased array antennas based on the microstrip magnetic dipole element antenna and the microstrip magnetic dipole eight-wood sub-array are introduced. In that array, the role of the coupled patch structure in the energy transfer between the active elements of the array is studied. The active element direction diagram of the array is expanded in a free environment compared with the aid of the coupling action, so that the scanning angle of the array is greatly improved. And secondly, a phased array antenna is constructed by using a substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna as a unit. The equivalent electric wall of the metal through-hole in the array ensures that the electric field mode of the unit antenna is stable, and the active unit maintains relative bandwidth of more than 17%. The phased array maintains a wide angle of scanning range in the operating band. The effects of the array structure on the parameters such as the polarization and the beam width of the active unit's radiation pattern are analyzed, and the large-angle circular polarization scanning is realized. finally, the TM010 mode and the zero-order resonance (ZOR) mode are simultaneously excited on the planar micro-strip square patch antenna, The dual-polarization and large-angle scanning in the two-dimensional space is realized by the planar phased-array antenna of the 6-axis 6 constructed by the planar phased-array antenna. The third part mainly uses the micro-strip magnetic dipole phased array as the carrier to study the low sidelobe optimization problem of the scanning beam in the wide range of angles. First, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the array factor, and the active cell orientation map calculated by the CST is used as a unit in the array factor, thus taking into account the influence caused by the coupling. The experiment shows that the method can effectively reduce the sidelobe size of the scanning beam in the wide-angle scanning range. Then, the method of neural network prediction is used instead of the array factor to calculate the scanning beam of the phased array. The array is simulated by a feedback type neural network, and the calculation result avoids the interference of the uncertain factors such as the coupling matching and the like, and is more accurate. The genetic algorithm is used to optimize the prediction results. Finally, the experimental verification, simulation and testing of the optimization results confirm that the method achieves the optimization of the sidelobe in a wide range of angles.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN821.8
【参考文献】
相关博士学位论文 前1条
1 丁霄;基于方向图可重构技术的相控阵大角度扫描特性研究[D];电子科技大学;2013年
，本文编号：2487238
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