磁电偶极子天线设计与研究

发布时间：2019-05-29 15:29

【摘要】：随着现代移动通信如3G、LTE、WiFi、UWB等飞速发展,宽带单向性天线的研究变得炙手可热。通常要求天线具有宽频带和更好的定向辐射特性,较低的交叉极化,在工作频带内还要有稳定的增益和较好的方向图,能尽量降低成本且具有低轮廓的特点。磁电偶极子天线是2006年由Luk提出的天线结构,其目标就是设计一款频率特性稳定同时能抑制后瓣辐射的宽带天线,这种新型天线形式能够取得43.8%的相对带宽,在工作频带内增益围绕8dBi小范围波动,能有效降低交叉极化,在E面和H面能有对称的方向图且在工作频带内比较稳定。本文的主要工作正是基于Luk的磁电偶极子原理和模型进行展开的,本文首先提出了一种E型贴片磁电偶极子天线来进一步展宽带宽,继而设计了平面印刷磁电偶极子天线和加载磁电偶极子的十字交叉振子天线和改进的十字交叉振子天线。本文的创新点如下:1、提出了一种E型宽带磁电偶极子天线。天线采用了阶梯状馈线并对垂直贴片做类似的弯折处理,有效降低天线的整体高度。通过采用E型贴片结构和新的阶梯状馈线,天线实现了66.7%的相对带宽,交叉极化平均低于-30dB,增益稳定在8.6dBi左右。2、提出了一种平面印刷磁电偶极子天线。天线印制在PCB板上,天线实测带宽达32.7%,工作频段为4.6GHz-6.4GHz。四层介质板叠压在一起,在这里把金属过孔巧妙地用作磁偶极子。该天线在工作带宽内方向图具有高度一致性,电性能出色。3、提出了一种可用于导航的加载磁电偶极子的平面印刷十字振子天线。该天线工作在GPS的L1频段,加载磁电偶极子以达到展宽带宽和轴比波束宽度的目的。此后根据蝶形天线的启发将振子改为渐变式设计,将带宽从原先的37.5%提高到57.1%,能同时覆盖GPS的L1波段和北斗的S频段(VSWR1.5),同时轴比均在3dB以下。带宽内平均增益超过9dBi,且呈现良好的圆极化特性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of modern mobile communication, such as 3G, LTE, WiFi, UWB and so on, the research of broadband one-way antenna becomes hot. It is generally required that the antenna has a broad band and a better directional radiation characteristic, a lower cross-polarization, a stable gain and a better direction map in the operating band, as much as possible with low cost and low profile characteristics. The magnetic dipole antenna is the antenna structure proposed by Luk in 2006, and its goal is to design a broadband antenna with stable frequency characteristic and capable of suppressing the back-lobe radiation. The new type of antenna can obtain 43.8% of the relative bandwidth, and the gain in the operating band can fluctuate around 8 dBi small range. The cross-polarization can be effectively reduced, and the E-plane and the H-plane can have a symmetrical directional pattern and are relatively stable in the working frequency band. The main work of this paper is based on the principle and model of the magnetic dipole of Luk. In this paper, an E-type patch magnetic dipole antenna is proposed to further extend the bandwidth. And then a plane-printed magnetic dipole antenna and a cross-cross-oscillator antenna for loading the magnetic dipole are designed and an improved cross-cross-oscillator antenna is designed. The innovation point of this paper is as follows:1. An E-type broadband magnetic dipole antenna is proposed. The antenna adopts a stepped feed line and performs a similar bending process on the vertical patch to effectively reduce the overall height of the antenna. By adopting the E-type patch structure and the new stepped feeder, the relative bandwidth of 66.7% is realized by the antenna, the cross-polarization is below -30dB, the gain is stable at about 8.6 dBi, and a planar printed magnetic dipole antenna is proposed. The antenna is printed on the PCB, the measured bandwidth of the antenna is 32.7%, and the operating frequency band is 4.6 GHz-6.4 GHz. The four-layer dielectric plates are laminated together, where the metal vias are skillfully used as magnetic dipoles. The antenna has the advantages of high consistency and excellent electrical performance in the direction diagram of the working bandwidth, and provides a planar printed cross-oscillator antenna which can be used for navigation loading magnetic electric dipoles. The antenna operates in the L1 frequency band of the GPS and loads the magnetic dipole to achieve the purpose of widening the bandwidth and the beam width of the shaft. After that, according to the heuristic of the butterfly antenna, the transducer is changed to a gradual design, the bandwidth is increased from 37.5% to 57.1%, the L1 wave band of the GPS and the S frequency band of the Beidou (VSWR1.5) can be covered at the same time, and the axial ratio is below 3 dB. The average gain in the bandwidth exceeds 9 dBi and exhibits good circular polarization characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：杭州电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN821.4

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