有效能量空洞避免的混合传输分簇路由算法研究

发布时间：2019-06-11 20:22

【摘要】：近年来随着低成本低功耗微型传感器的大规模生产,无线传感器网络的实用价值和应用前景非常广阔。但传感器节点能量高度受限,且工作环境通常十分恶劣,更换电池可行性不高,因此,如何高效利用有限能量以最大化网络生命周期是无线传感器网络研究的关键问题。其中由于部分节点过早耗尽自身能量,导致失效节点覆盖区域缺失或数据无法送达sink节点的能量空洞现象是无线传感器网络的一个研究重点和难点。该现象严重情况下使整个网络无法正常工作,造成大量剩余资源的浪费。本文主要针对WSN中节点能耗不均衡而产生的能量空洞现象,在低功耗自适应集簇分层型协议基础上,从簇头选择、节点部署、数据通信方面,设计了两种新的分簇路由算法。具体的创新性工作如下:(1)为解决网络边缘区域能量空洞问题,提出了一种基于吸引因子和混合传输的分簇路由算法(CRAH)。CRAH采用加权和的方式将节点剩余能量和位置作为合理选取簇头的新指标,并将簇头的任务重新分配给新选出的融合节点;在数据通信阶段,设计吸引因子模型,使融合节点采用混合传输模式进行簇间数据通信,并改进Dijkstra算法,提出新的AF-DK算法,为簇间数据传输选择最优路径,节省了通信开销。(2)此外,CRAH中存在基站数据接收率低的问题,且多跳传输方式又会造成sink附近节点负载过重,产生内层网络能量空洞现象,因此提出了群智能优化和密度控制的能量空洞避免算法(EASD)。该算法根据感知数据转发能耗建立节点密度递减模型,保证数据转发负载由相应数量的簇头分担,均衡每个簇头的负载。为搜索簇头到基站间多跳数据通信的最优路径,优化群智能算法,加入每个邻居节点的剩余能量、位置信息、传输距离和信息素等上下文信息,改进蚂蚁选择下一跳节点的转移概率。其中,信息素更新时,结合数据包接收率,综合考虑了能量、路径长度和路径质量,提高了网络转发路径的可靠性,解决了基站接收数据率低的问题。(3)最后,通过模拟实验表明两种新算法有效避免了能量空洞问题,延长了网络生命周期。同时在数据送达率方面对两种新方案做了单独对比,验证了EASD进一步解决了CRAH中基站数据接收率低的问题,增强了路径可靠性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the large-scale production of low-cost and low-power micro-sensors, the practical value and application prospect of wireless sensor networks are very broad. However, the energy of sensor nodes is highly limited, and the working environment is usually very bad, so it is not feasible to replace batteries. Therefore, how to make efficient use of limited energy to maximize the network life cycle is the key problem in wireless sensor networks. It is a research focus and difficulty in wireless sensor networks that some nodes exhaust their own energy prematurely, resulting in the lack of coverage area of invalid nodes or the inability of data to reach sink nodes. This phenomenon makes the whole network unable to work properly, resulting in the waste of a large number of remaining resources. In this paper, aiming at the phenomenon of energy hole caused by uneven energy consumption of nodes in WSN, two new clustering routing algorithms are designed from the aspects of cluster head selection, node deployment and data communication on the basis of low power adaptive cluster layer protocol. The specific innovative work is as follows: (1) in order to solve the problem of energy hole in the edge region of the network, a clustering routing algorithm (CRAH). CRH based on attraction factor and hybrid transmission is proposed, which takes the residual energy and position of the nodes as a new index to reasonably select the cluster head, and redistributes the task of the cluster head to the newly selected fusion node. In the stage of data communication, the attraction factor model is designed to make the fusion node use mixed transmission mode for inter-cluster data communication, and the Dijkstra algorithm is improved, and a new AF-DK algorithm is proposed to select the optimal path for inter-cluster data transmission, which saves the communication overhead. (2) in addition, there is a problem of low base station data reception rate in CRAH, and the multi-hop transmission mode will cause the node near sink to be overloaded. The energy hole phenomenon in the inner layer network is produced, so the energy hole avoidance algorithm (EASD)., which is a group intelligent optimization and density control algorithm, is proposed. The algorithm establishes a node density decline model according to the perceived data forwarding energy consumption, which ensures that the data forwarding load is shared by the corresponding number of cluster heads and balances the load of each cluster head. In order to search the optimal path of multi-hop data communication between cluster head and base station, the swarm intelligence algorithm is optimized. The context information such as residual energy, position information, transmission distance and pheromone of each neighbor node is added to improve the transfer probability of ant selection of the next hop node. Among them, when the pheromone is updated, combined with the packet reception rate, the energy, path length and path quality are considered synthetically, which improves the reliability of the network forwarding path and solves the problem of low data reception rate of the base station. (3) finally, the simulation results show that the two new algorithms effectively avoid the problem of energy voids and prolong the network life cycle. At the same time, the two new schemes are compared separately in the aspect of data delivery rate, which verifies that EASD further solves the problem of low data reception rate of base station in CRAH and enhances the path reliability.
【学位授予单位】：中国矿业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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