新型双频段超宽带双极化天线的研究与设计

发布时间：2019-06-29 22:34

【摘要】：随着3G通信技术的普及以及4G通信的蓬勃发展,寻求宽频谱和高效频谱利用率的天线已经是迫在眉睫。超宽带技术具有传输速率高、容量大、成本低、功耗小、保密性能好、抗干扰能力强等等优势,这使得超宽带天线成为最具竞争力和发展前景的研究方向之一。但是普通的超宽带天线已经很难满足当今时代高效率高集成度的要求,所以多极化工作形式受到了关注,超宽带双极化天线作为一种新型天线,正在被现阶段的通信领域所广泛应用。由于移动通信用户数目的增加,现有的频谱资源日益紧张,进一步要求基站天线能实现多频集成特性。因此,研究并设计出具有双频段、超宽带、双极化的天线具有重要的工程实际意义。本论文将超宽带天线、双频天线以及双极化天线一起作为研究对象,研究其超宽带技术、双频技术以及双极化技术,并通过三种不同的实现形式,考量其对驻波比、隔离度以及交叉极化电平等指标的影响,综合设计出超宽带双极化天线、双频双极化宽带天线以及双频段超宽带双极化天线,从而最终设计出符合设计要求以及实际需求的天线。首先对天线的基础理论和技术指标进行了简要介绍,并对单一的双频天线、超宽带天线以及双极化天线的基础理论和设计技术进行分析,通过天线基础理论中的辐射方向图、回波损耗、带宽、隔离度以及交叉极化电平作为技术指标进行研究。其次设计并实现了一款应用H型缝隙耦合馈电的辐射面开阶梯槽结构的超宽带双极化天线。通过这款天线,初步分析了H型缝隙耦合馈电对于降低天线Q值的重要性,验证了辐射面开阶梯槽的曲流技术对于拓宽频带的可行性、采用贴片加载的层叠结构对于改善辐射方向图的可行性以及通过对角正交馈电实现具备高隔离度特性的双极化天线的有效性。随后设计并实现了一款应用叉形馈电的对称双弓形辐射面嵌套结构的双频双极化宽带天线。通过这款天线,分析了采用贴片正交形式实现高隔离度双极化天线的可行性,验证了对称双弓形面嵌套结构实现低回波损耗双频天线的可行性以及通过叉形馈电结构实现双频宽带特性的有效性。最后循序渐进设计并实现了双枝节巴伦馈电的开宽槽对称U型辐射面结构的双频段超宽带双极化天线,这款天线覆盖了全2G和3G通信网络频段的。通过这款天线,分析了巴伦馈电结构对于拓宽频带的重要性,验证了应用对称U型辐射面开宽槽的形式来拓宽频带的可行性、采用双枝节巴伦馈电结构实现低回波损耗双频天线的可行性以及辐射贴片整体空间上的±45°垂直放置来实现高隔离度和高交叉极化电平的有效性。
[Abstract]:With the popularity of 3G communication technology and the vigorous development of 4G communication, it is urgent to seek wide spectrum and efficient spectrum efficiency antenna. UWB technology has many advantages, such as high transmission rate, large capacity, low cost, low power consumption, good confidentiality, strong anti-interference ability and so on, which makes UWB antenna become one of the most competitive and promising research directions. However, the ordinary ultra-broadband antenna has been difficult to meet the requirements of high efficiency and high integration, so the multi-polarization mode has been concerned. As a new type of antenna, ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna is widely used in the field of communication at this stage. Due to the increase of the number of mobile communication users, the existing spectrum resources are increasingly tight, which further requires the base station antenna to achieve multi-frequency integration characteristics. Therefore, it is of great engineering practical significance to study and design antennas with dual-band, ultra-broadband and dual-polarization. In this paper, ultra-broadband antenna, dual-band antenna and dual-polarization antenna are taken as the research objects, and their ultra-broadband technology, dual-frequency technology and dual-polarization technology are studied. Through three different implementation forms, considering their effects on standing wave ratio, isolation and cross-polarization electric equality index, the ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna, dual-frequency dual-polarization broadband antenna and dual-band ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna are designed. Finally, the antenna is designed to meet the design requirements and actual requirements. Firstly, the basic theory and technical index of antenna are briefly introduced, and the basic theory and design technology of single dual-frequency antenna, ultra-broadband antenna and dual-polarization antenna are analyzed. The radiation pattern, echo loss, bandwidth, isolation and cross-polarization level in the basic theory of antenna are studied. Secondly, an ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna with stepped slot structure based on H-slot coupling feed is designed and implemented. Through this antenna, the importance of H-slot coupling feed to reduce the Q value of the antenna is preliminarily analyzed, and the feasibility of widening the frequency band by the curved current technique with stepped slot on the radiation surface is verified. The feasibility of using the lamination structure loaded by the patch to improve the radiation pattern and the effectiveness of the diagonal orthogonal feed to realize the dual polarization antenna with high isolation characteristics are verified. Then a dual-frequency dual-polarization broadband antenna with symmetrical double bow radiation surface nesting structure based on fork feed is designed and implemented. Through this antenna, the feasibility of using patch orthogonal form to realize high isolation dual polarization antenna is analyzed, and the feasibility of realizing low echo loss dual frequency antenna with symmetric double bow surface nesting structure and the effectiveness of realizing dual frequency broadband characteristics by fork feed structure are verified. Finally, a dual-band ultra-broadband dual-polarization antenna with open wide slot symmetric U-shaped radiation surface structure fed by double branch Barron is designed and implemented step by step, which covers the frequency band of all 2G and 3G communication networks. Through this antenna, the importance of Barron feed structure for widening the frequency band is analyzed, and the feasibility of using the symmetrical U-shaped radiation surface to broaden the frequency band is verified. The feasibility of using the double-branch Baron feed structure to realize the low echo loss dual-frequency antenna and the effectiveness of 卤45 掳vertical placement of the radiation patch in the whole space to achieve high isolation and high cross-polarization level.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TN820

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