基于WPAN平面天线的关键技术研究

发布时间：2019-07-08 13:18

【摘要】：无线个人局域网(Wireless Personal Area Network)是一种面向特定群体,针对小范围通信的无线网络。其目前的主要技术包括蓝牙技术、Zigbee技术、超宽带(Ultra wideband;UWB)通信技术、HomeRF、WiMedia以及仍处于不断发展中的60GHz短距离无线通信技术等。在以上的通信系统中,天线作为无线通信的重要组件,一直获得广泛的关注和研究。对于通信系统而言,如何提高通信速率与如何使通信设备小型化一直是人们所关注的焦点。在蓝牙和超宽带等通信系统中,通常使用全向性天线来保证通信设备之间在不同方位下的正常通信。因此设计可以覆盖多个频段的全向性天线成为解决问题的有效方案之一。此外,基于60GHz的短距离无线通信技术也一直备受关注,由于具有丰富的频谱资源,60GHz短距离通信具有很高的通信速率。然而,在该毫米波通信系统中,由于电磁波在空间中传播时的衰减很大,所以为了扩大通信范围,需要设计具有高增益特性的天线。因此,对60GHz高增益天线的研究具有重要意义,目前也仍有较大的进步空间。综上所述,本文对WPAN中平面天线的主要研究内容如下:1.本文首先设计了一款可以应用于终端设备的双频带平面单极子天线,天线采用微带馈电。对天线的谐振特性进行了分析,使天线的工作带宽覆盖了蓝牙频段和整个UWB频段。经加工和测试,天线具有全向的辐射特性和稳定的带内增益。其次,本文提出了一款具有水平极化特性的全向性天线,该天线利用偶极子旋转排列构成环阵天线,使天线在水平面上辐射水平极化的电磁波。仿真和实测结果表明该天线的工作频段覆盖了蓝牙、WiMAX以及WLAN,天线具有稳定的方向图,交叉极化小于10dB,并且在带内有较平坦的增益。2.基于PCB工艺,设计了两款用于60GHz无线通信的定向天线。首先,为了增强法线方向的增益,我们提出了在偶极子上下等距处加有寄生贴片的天线结构,并且对这种结构下天线的辐射特性进行了简单的分析,分析结果表明天线可能具有三种基本的辐射方向图。接着,在60GHz高增益天线的设计过程中,通过合理的应用这种结构,提高了天线的方向性。最后,通过对天线增加反射面,天线在法线方向上的增益进一步得以提高。天线的总体尺寸为7.5mm×8mm×0.781mm,测试结果表明天线工作频段覆盖了57-64GHz,在该范围内最大实测增益约为10.9dBi,整体增益波动小于1dB。其次,文章提出了一款新型的60GHz宽波束平面天线。天线同样以平面偶极子天线为原型,利用其宽的波束宽度,并通过一系列变形和加载,增加了天线在端射方向的辐射强度。实测的结果表明天线工作频段覆盖了57-64GHz,波束宽度整体保持在142°到153°之间。在57-64GHz中,最大实测增益约为6.8dBi,并且波动小于1dB。
文内图片：
图片说明：无线网络的划分
[Abstract]:Wireless personal Local area Network (Wireless Personal Area Network) is a kind of wireless network which is oriented to specific groups and aims at small range communication. Its main technologies include Bluetooth technology, Zigbee technology, ultra-broadband (Ultra wideband;UWB) communication technology, HomeRF,WiMedia and 60GHz short-distance wireless communication technology, which is still in the process of development. In the above communication system, antenna, as an important component of wireless communication, has been widely concerned and studied. For the communication system, how to improve the communication rate and how to miniaturize the communication equipment has always been the focus of attention. In Bluetooth and ultra-broadband communication systems, omnidirectional antennas are usually used to ensure normal communication between communication devices in different directions. Therefore, the design of omnidirectional antenna which can cover multiple frequency bands has become one of the effective solutions to the problem. In addition, short distance wireless communication technology based on 60GHz has attracted much attention all the time. Because of its rich spectrum resources, 60GHz short distance communication has a high communication rate. However, in this millimeter wave communication system, because of the great attenuation of electromagnetic wave propagation in space, in order to expand the communication range, it is necessary to design an antenna with high gain characteristics. Therefore, the study of 60GHz high gain antenna is of great significance, and there is still great room for progress. To sum up, the main research contents of planar antenna in WPAN are as follows: 1. In this paper, a dual-band planar monopole antenna which can be used in terminal equipment is designed, which is fed by microstrip. The resonance characteristics of the antenna are analyzed, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna covers the Bluetooth band and the whole UWB band. After processing and testing, the antenna has omni-directional radiation characteristics and stable in-band gain. Secondly, a omnidirectional antenna with horizontal polarization characteristics is proposed in this paper. The antenna uses the rotation of the dipoles to form a ring array antenna, so that the antenna radiates the horizontally polarized electromagnetic wave on the horizontal plane. The simulation and measured results show that the working frequency band of the antenna covers Bluetooth, WiMAX and WLAN, antennas have stable pattern, cross polarization is less than 10 dB, and the gain is flat in the band. 2. Based on PCB process, two directional antennas for 60GHz wireless communication are designed. Firstly, in order to enhance the gain of the normal direction, we propose the antenna structure with parasitic patch at the equal distance between the dipole and the dipole, and make a simple analysis of the radiation characteristics of the antenna under this structure. The analysis results show that the antenna may have three basic radiation patterns. Then, in the design process of 60GHz high gain antenna, the directivity of the antenna is improved by applying this structure reasonably. Finally, by adding the reflector to the antenna, the gain of the antenna in the normal direction is further improved. The overall size of the antenna is 7.5mm 脳 8mm 脳 0.781 mm. The test results show that the working frequency band of the antenna covers 57 鈮，

本文编号：2511607