基于嵌入式的心脏储备监测系统的设计

发布时间：2017-12-26 19:23

本文关键词：基于嵌入式的心脏储备监测系统的设计　出处：《重庆大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几十年,人类的生活方式随着社会的进步发生了巨大的改变,心血管疾病已经成为导致人类死亡的一个“无声杀手”。心音是一种复杂的混合信号,并且与心脏、血管、瓣膜等有很大的联系,其中很多心血管方面的生理病理性信息包含其中。因此,心音检测分析是无创检测评估心功能的重要手段,也为临床心血管疾病的辅助诊断提供了一种重要的辅助方法。随着科技的不断进步,微电子技术的逐渐成熟,医疗仪器已开始向小型化方向发展。出于这几方面的考虑,本文设计了一套基于嵌入式系统的心脏储备监测系统,该系统操作简洁且体积较小,使用户能够随时快速的监测自身的心脏健康状态。首先,为了满足系统需求本文采用三星的S3C2440A微处理器作为系统的硬件核心,在综合考虑开发成本,移植难度等多方面因素后在多款操作系统中选择Linux作为系统的软件核心,并且选用QT图形界面来设计应用程序。然后搭建基于Linux的嵌入式系统开发环境,主要包括交叉编译器的建立,目标板所需的Linux内核与Qt库的移植。其次,根据系统需求,在了解驱动程序的重要性和实现驱动程序所需要掌握的三个重要数据结构基础上,设计并实现ADC驱动程序,并把所写的ADC驱动程序编译进目标机内核并移植到目标机上使其满足课题的需要。再次,设计基于QT的应用程序。本文采用多线程和双缓冲的技术实现心音波形的采集、显示和分析。在用于分析的子线程中为了更准确的提取所需指标,应该首先对信号进行滤波处理,为了达到该目的,本文详细分析了小波阈值收缩法的实现细节,然后根据其过程设计算法并具体实现它。预处理后,本文采取基于短时能量和短时过零率相结合的信号端点检测方法用于提取心脏储备的3个指标D/S(心脏舒张期与收缩期的时限比)、HR(心率)、S1/S2(第一心音与第二心音的幅值比)。最后,通过对ADC驱动程序、小波滤波、指标提取算法的测试和应用程序功能测试表明基于嵌入式系统的心脏储备监测系统实现了其基本功能,能够稳定运行。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the way of human life has changed greatly with the progress of society. Cardiovascular disease has become a silent killer that leads to the death of human beings. Heart sound is a complex mixed signal, and is closely related to heart, blood vessels and valves. Many of the physiological and pathological information of cardiovascular is included. Therefore, heart sound detection and analysis is an important means of noninvasive detection and evaluation of cardiac function, and it also provides an important auxiliary method for auxiliary diagnosis of clinical cardiovascular diseases. With the continuous progress of science and technology and the gradual maturity of microelectronic technology, medical instruments have begun to develop in the direction of miniaturization. For these considerations, this paper designs a set of cardiac reserve monitoring system based on embedded system. The system is simple and small, allowing users to monitor their heart health at any time. First of all, in order to meet the requirement of the system this paper uses Samsung S3C2440A microprocessor as the hardware core, the development cost in the comprehensive consideration of various factors, the difficulty after transplantation in a variety of operating system in the Linux is selected as the core system software, and use QT graphical interface to design application. Then build an embedded system development environment based on Linux, including the establishment of the cross compiler, the transplant of the Linux kernel and the Qt library for the target board. Secondly, according to the demand of the system, the driver and the importance of the implementation of three important data structure based driver needs to grasp in understanding on the design and implementation of ADC driver, and write ADC drivers are compiled into the target machine kernel and transplanted to the target machine to meet the need of task. Again, design an application based on QT. This paper uses the technology of multi thread and double buffering to realize the collection, display and analysis of the heart sound wave. In order to extract the index accurately, we should first filter the signal in order to achieve this goal. In order to achieve this goal, this paper analyzes the implementation details of the wavelet threshold shrinkage method, and then implements it according to its process design algorithm. After pretreatment, the signal endpoint detection method based on short time energy and short-time zero crossing rate is used to extract 3 indexes D/S of cardiac reserve (the time interval ratio of cardiac diastole to systole), HR (heart rate), and S1/S2 (the ratio of the first heart sound to the second heart sound ratio). Finally, by testing the ADC driver, wavelet filtering, index extraction algorithm and application function test, it shows that the heart reserve monitoring system based on embedded system realizes its basic functions and can run stably.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH789

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