基于色散条纹传感技术的拼接镜共相方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 01:23

本文关键词： 色散条纹传感器拼接镜共相检测平移误差主动光学　出处：《中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为追求更高的分辨率,空间成像光学系统的发展趋势就是长焦距和大口径。但是以现有的技术水平,单块望远镜口径的增大会给镜面的加工检测、望远镜支撑以及后续的使用维护带来很大困难。拼接主镜概念的提出,突破了传统的全口径光学系统设计理念,将完整的光学系统“化整为零”,在有效地减小望远镜的质量和造价的同时,保证了系统成像质量,为制造大口径及超大口径空间望远镜指出了一个新方向。但是,采用拼接式主镜的望远镜系统,也伴随着许多新的技术问题,其中最具挑战性的、也最为关键的,就是拼接子镜之间的共相误差探测。对于拼接型望远镜,为使望远镜系统达到或接近衍射极限的成像质量,要求各个子镜达到光学上的共焦共相。实际上,共焦易于实现,难点在于共相。传统的波前探测方法如剪切干涉法,夏克-哈特曼波前传感法以及曲率传感法等,由于自身结构复杂并且对拼接镜的平移误差不敏感,很难用于拼接镜系统的平移误差检测。相位差法虽然能以较高的精度对平移误差进行探测,但其检测范围十分有限,所以很难用于较大平移误差的探测。不同于这些常规的波前探测方法,色散条纹检测技术通过从非单色光源照射相邻子镜拼接区域得到的明暗条纹中提取光强信息,实现拼接镜平移误差的非接触式测量。具有操作方便、自动化程度高、体积小、成本低、量程大、抗干扰能力强等优点,尤其适用于空间望远镜在轨检测。本文对基于色散条纹传感技术的拼接镜共相方法展开了研究。根据色散条纹传感技术的检测原理,构建了色散条纹传感器的光学成像模型,并利用计算机对整个检测流程进行了仿真研究。为解决色散条纹检测技术对波长以内平移误差失效的问题,提出了两种辅助检测方法——色散哈特曼检测法、色散模板匹配法,并通过仿真验证了这两种方法的可行性。结合这几种方法,色散条纹传感器在可见光范围内能准确检测±60μm量程范围内的平移误差,检测精度可达l10,实现了粗共相和精共相的无缝衔接。同时,详细定量分析了影响色散条纹传感器性能的误差因素:哈特曼子透镜定位误差、棱栅定位误差、提取信号列位置误差。通过模拟不同误差下的色散条纹,分别采用色散条纹检测法、色散哈特曼检测法、色散模板匹配法对不同程度的误差进行测试,根据测试结果确定这几种检测方法对系统误差的容许程度和抵抗能力。特别地,对采集信号列相对中心列位置的偏移造成的检测误差,提出了多路采集和提高波长标定精度等相应的解决方法,并且针对色散条纹检测算法提出了新的改进方案,利用相位项解算平移误差的拟合残余量,降低其对微小标定误差的敏感程度。最后,设计了色散条纹传感器检测系统,搭建了光学实验平台,对色散条纹检测法探测拼接镜平移误差进行了实验验证。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地完成对平移误差的大量程、无盲区、高精度检测,在空间和地基拼接型望远镜的粗共相标定和控制领域有广阔的应用前景。
[Abstract]:For the pursuit of higher resolution, the development trend of space optical imaging system is a long focal length and large diameter. But the current level of technology, increasing the single telescope aperture will give the telescope mirror detection processing, supporting and subsequent maintenance difficult. Then the main concept of the proposed spell mirror, breakthrough design concept the full aperture of the traditional optical system, the optical system is complete, to effectively reduce the break up the whole into parts "telescope quality and cost at the same time, to ensure the imaging quality of the system, points out a new direction for the manufacture of large diameter and super large aperture space telescope. However, the segmented mirror telescope system, also along with many new technical problems, one of the most challenging and most critical, is between the segmented mirrors the common phase error detection for splicing telescope, in order to make the telescope system The image quality to or close to the diffraction limit, for each sub mirror to the confocal optical universals. In fact, confocal and easy to implement, the difficulty lies in universals. The traditional wavefront detection methods such as shearing interferometry, shack Hartmann wavefront sensing method and curvature sensing method, because of its complex structure and is not sensitive to translation the error of segmented mirrors, is difficult for the translation error of segmented mirror system. The phase difference method can detect to the translation error in high precision, but its detection range is very limited, so it is difficult to detect large translation error. Different detection methods on these conventional wavefront, dispersed fringe detection technology by extraction the light intensity information is obtained from the non monochromatic light of adjacent sub mirror spliced region stripes, non-contact measurement to achieve translation error. The segmented mirror has the advantages of convenient operation, high degree of automation , small volume, low cost, large range, strong anti-jamming capability, especially suitable for the space telescope in orbit testing. This thesis researched on the segmented mirror dispersed fringe sensor technology based on universal method. According to the detection principle of dispersed fringe sensor technology, constructed the optical model of dispersed fringe sensor, and use the computer the simulation study on the whole detection process. In order to solve the dispersion fringe detection technique of wavelength within the translation error failure problems, puts forward two kinds of auxiliary detection methods - Hartmann dispersion method, dispersion template matching method, and the feasibility of these two methods is verified by simulation. Combining these methods, dispersed fringe sensor accuracy detection of translation error + 60 u m range in the visible range, the detection precision can reach L10, the total of fine coarse universals and seamless connection phase. At the same time. The quantitative analysis of the influence of the error of fine dispersed fringe sensor performance factors: the Hartmann lens positioning error, grism positioning error, position error signal extraction column. By simulating the dispersion pattern of different errors, using dispersed fringe detection method, Hartmann dispersion method, dispersion template matching method to test different degree error, determine the several detection methods of system error tolerance degree and resistance according to the test results. In particular, the relative detection error caused by the deviation of the center position of the signal acquisition, proposes a multi channel data acquisition and improve the accuracy of the corresponding wavelength calibration solution, and put forward a new improvement scheme for the dispersion fringe detection algorithm. Using the fitting residual phase solution translation error, reduces the sensitivity to small calibration error. Finally, the design of a dispersed fringe sensor The optical detection system, set up the experimental platform, on the detection of segmented mirror dispersion fringes translation errors in the experiments. The experimental results show that this method can effectively complete the large range of translation errors, without blind spots, high precision detection, rough calibration and control in the field of phase space and the foundation of splicing telescope the broad application prospect.

【学位授予单位】：中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH743

【参考文献】

中国期刊全文数据库前10条

1 孟玉凰;徐抒岩;许博谦;;基于色散条纹传感技术的拼接镜共相方法[J];光学学报;2016年09期

2 袁立银;何志平;舒嵘;王建宇;;短波红外棱镜-光栅-棱镜成像光谱仪光学系统设计[J];光子学报;2011年06期

3 张勇;张靓;刘根荣;王跃飞;张亚俊;曾裔中;李烨平;;基于色散条纹传感器的拼接镜面共相的实验研究[J];光学学报;2011年02期

4 王姗姗;朱秋东;曹根瑞;;空间拼接主镜望远镜共相位检测方法[J];光学学报;2009年09期

5 王欣;赵达尊;;图像噪声对相位变更波前传感的影响研究[J];光学学报;2009年08期

6 朱能鸿;陈欣扬;周丹;曹建军;;利用四棱锥传感器检测光学拼接镜的法向光程差[J];传感技术学报;2009年03期

7 邵亮;杨德华;陈昆新;杨斌堂;;光学天文望远镜用微位移驱动器机构研究综述[J];天文学进展;2009年01期

8 董冰;俞信;;高分辨率空间望远镜分块主镜位置误差的在轨校正[J];光学学报;2009年01期

9 张晓芳;董冰;黄一帆;毛珩;王姗姗;俞信;;分块式空间望远镜波前传感及控制方法的仿真研究[J];光学学报;2009年01期

10 苏定强;;望远镜和天文学:400年的回顾与展望[J];物理;2008年12期