基于铷原子钟的电磁法仪器同步装置的设计

发布时间：2018-03-21 18:33

本文选题：同步装置　切入点：同步测量与控制　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展，电磁法仪器的更新换代越来越频繁，对电磁法仪器同步装置的应用也提出了新的要求。电磁法仪器从过去在地表测量，到如今在矿井，隧道等地下工程中开展工作，测量环境日趋复杂。同步方法的改进成为电磁法仪器提升工作效率和提高采集数据稳定性的关键。如何提高电磁法仪器的时钟同步精度，并且能够适应恶劣的天气变化以及复杂的地形环境，成为了改进电磁法仪器的关键。通过查阅国内外关于电磁法仪器同步装置的同步方式的资料可知，目前电磁法仪器同步装置主要的同步方法有：线同步、GPS同步、石英钟晶体同步等方式，在野外探测时均会产生或多或少的问题。有线同步使用上受地理环境影响，当电磁法仪器系统间工作距离较远时，使用极为不便；GPS同步受天气变化，地理位置等因素的影响较大；石英钟同步方式的缺点为石英晶体随着时间的增加，晶体会出现老化的问题并且需要在恒温的条件下进行测量，当长时间探测时，要进行误差校正，另一个缺点是开机预热时间较长，影响工作效率。针对以上几种同步方式的缺点，本文提出了基于铷原子钟电磁法仪器同步装置的设计原理，并给出了具体的设计方案。电磁法仪器同步装置可应用于收发分离的电磁法仪器或分布式的接收机上，具备较高的同步精度，不受地势、天气等环境的影响，可以有效的提高电磁法仪器的工作效率。解决其他同步方式存在的问题，因此，本文提出了基于铷原子钟电磁法仪器同步装置的设计。在研究了同步装置的国内外现状及发展趋势的基础上，提出了同步装置的设计方案及性能指标。本同步装置主要分为基准系统和被校准系统，同步测量与控制时用光耦器件隔离，均是由MCU和CPLD架构构成，除此之外，，基准系统的外围电路的设计还包括选频模块、触发复位模块、初始信号的调整与检测模块。同步装置为适应各种电磁法仪器探测的需要，设计了多频率同步输出信号。本文对电磁法仪器同步装置进行测试与评估，其中包括同步装置的性能测试，可切换的多频率信号输出测试，电磁法仪器同步装置的累计误差分析。同步装置受温度，振动的外部影响时输出同步信号的稳定性。计算了同步装置野外勘探最小校相周期，评估了同步装置在理论上最短校相时间内的误差精度。同步时钟精度可以达到500ns，为保证同步装置的精度最小校相周期为两个小时。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, the updating of electromagnetic instruments is becoming more and more frequent, and new requirements are put forward for the application of synchronous devices of electromagnetic instruments. In underground engineering such as tunnel, the measuring environment is becoming more and more complicated. The improvement of synchronous method becomes the key to improve the efficiency of electromagnetic instrument and the stability of collecting data, how to improve the precision of clock synchronization of electromagnetic instrument. And it can adapt to severe weather and complex terrain environment, so it becomes the key to improve electromagnetic instrument. By consulting the domestic and foreign data on the synchronous mode of the electromagnetic instrument synchronization device, we can see that the main synchronization methods of the electromagnetic instrument synchronization device at present are: line synchronization GPS synchronization, quartz clock crystal synchronization and so on. There are more or less problems in the field. The use of wire synchronization is affected by geographical environment. When the working distance between electromagnetic instrument systems is long, GPS synchronization is greatly affected by weather changes and geographical location. The disadvantage of quartz clock synchronization is that the quartz crystal will be aged with the increase of time, and it needs to be measured at constant temperature. When the quartz clock is detected for a long time, the error will be corrected. The other drawback is that the preheating time is long and the working efficiency is affected. In view of the shortcomings of the above several synchronization modes, this paper presents the design principle of the instrument synchronization device based on the rubidium atomic clock electromagnetic method, and gives the specific design scheme. The synchronous device of electromagnetic instrument can be used in the transceiver separated electromagnetic instrument or the distributed receiver. It has high synchronization accuracy and is not affected by the environment such as topography, weather and so on. It can effectively improve the working efficiency of electromagnetic instruments and solve the problems of other synchronization methods. Therefore, this paper presents the design of electromagnetic instrument synchronization device based on rubidium atomic clock. On the basis of studying the present situation and development trend of the synchronous device at home and abroad, the design scheme and performance index of the synchronous device are put forward. The synchronization device is mainly divided into reference system and calibrated system. The synchronous measurement and control are separated by optical coupling devices, which are composed of MCU and CPLD architecture. In addition, the peripheral circuits of the reference system include frequency selecting module, trigger reset module, and so on. In order to meet the needs of various electromagnetic instruments, a multi-frequency synchronous output signal is designed. In this paper, the synchronous device of electromagnetic instrument is tested and evaluated, including the performance test of the synchronous device, the output test of the switchable multi-frequency signal, the analysis of the accumulative error of the synchronous device of the electromagnetic instrument, the temperature of the synchronous device, The stability of the output synchronous signal under the external influence of vibration is calculated. The minimum phase correction period of the synchronous device in the field is calculated. The error accuracy of the synchronous device in the shortest phase correction time in theory is evaluated. The synchronization clock accuracy can reach 500 ns and the minimum phase correction period is two hours in order to ensure the accuracy of the synchronization device.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：TH763.1

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