大口径反射式望远镜在线调整技术研究
发布时间：2018-08-09 19:42
【摘要】：运行中的望远镜会受到镜面位置失调误差的影响。地基望远镜的主要导致因素包括重力、风载和热交换等;空间望远镜的主要导致因素则包括振动、温差等。随着望远镜口径的增大,该类失调误差更敏感,成为研究者面临的突出技术问题。本文以望远镜光学系统成像清晰度作为判据,对共轴两镜、离轴三镜望远镜系统镜面失调误差的探测和校正进行了理论研究、仿真分析和实验验证。论文的主要研究内容包括:首先,利用矢量波像差理论对共轴望远镜光学系统处于理想状态以及镜面相对位置存在误差时全视场像差的分布特性进行了理论分析,获得了镜面各自由度位置误差与像差的映射关系。基于此,通过瞳面坐标系转换对离轴望远镜光学系统像差分布特性进行了研究,特别对离轴TMA(Three Mirror Anastigmatic)望远镜进行论述。然后,针对成像过程中噪声对清晰度函数计算的影响进行了理论分析和仿真研究。通过设置最优阈值的方式使噪声的影响达到最小。给出了使计算误差达到最小的最优阈值计算公式并进行了理论和仿真验证。最后,提出了以成像光斑清晰度函数为判据的镜面位置误差校正方法,通过随机并行梯度下降算法对镜面位置误差进行解算。出于全局最优化考虑,先后利用轴上视场、多视场远场光斑完成了失调误差量的求解。根据所提出的校正方法,分别针对特定两镜共轴、离轴TMA望远镜系统进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明迭代校正后成像清晰度得到明显的提升。其中离轴TMA系统的仿真中还针对成像探测器的采样率和光能量强度影响进行了分析。结合仿真计算参数体系,设计并搭建了两套实验验证系统:其一,对于共轴光学系统进行了基于轴上视场远场光斑对失调误差进行解算与校正,结果验证了在一定边界条件下,可以获得镜面位置的有效解,但解并不唯一;其二,对于离轴TMA望远镜系统进行了基于多视场远场光斑的联合计算与校正实验,结果验证了在选定的像清晰度函数评价下,可以获得镜面位置的有效解,并具备可重复性,属于唯一解。该实验中还分析针对不同信噪比情况下的校正进行了分析。
[Abstract]:Telescopes in motion will be affected by misalignment of the mirror. The main causes of ground-based telescope include gravity, wind load and heat exchange, while the main factors of space telescope include vibration, temperature difference and so on. With the increase of telescope caliber, the misalignment error becomes more sensitive, which becomes a prominent technical problem for researchers. Based on the imaging definition of telescope optical system, the detection and correction of misalignment error of two coaxial and three off axis telescopes are theoretically studied, simulated and verified by experiments. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the distribution characteristics of total field aberration are analyzed by using vector wave aberration theory when the optical system of coaxial telescope is in ideal state and the relative position error of mirror surface exists. The mapping relationship between the position error and aberration of each degree of freedom of the mirror is obtained. Based on this, the aberration distribution characteristics of off-axis telescope optical system are studied through pupil plane coordinate system transformation, especially the off-axis TMA (Three Mirror Anastigmatic) telescope. Then, the effect of noise on the definition function is analyzed and simulated. The effect of noise is minimized by setting the optimal threshold. The formula for calculating the optimal threshold with minimum error is given, and the theoretical and simulation results are verified. Finally, a mirror position error correction method based on the definition function of the imaging spot is proposed, and the specular position error is calculated by a stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. For the sake of global optimization, the misalignment error is solved successively by using the field of view on the axis and the far field spot in the multi-view field. According to the proposed correction method, a simulation study is carried out for a specific two-mirror coaxial and off-axis TMA telescope system. The simulation results show that the image sharpness is improved obviously after iterative correction. In the simulation of off-axis TMA system, the influence of sampling rate and optical energy intensity of imaging detector is also analyzed. Two experimental verification systems are designed and built in combination with the simulation calculation parameter system. Firstly, the misalignment error of the coaxial optical system based on the far-field spot of the field of view on the axis is calculated and corrected, and the results show that under certain boundary conditions, The effective solution of mirror position can be obtained, but the solution is not unique. Secondly, the joint calculation and correction experiment based on multi-field far-field spot for off-axis TMA telescope system is carried out. The results show that under the selected image definition function evaluation, The effective solution of the mirror position can be obtained, and it is repeatable and belongs to the unique solution. In this experiment, the correction of different SNR is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(光电技术研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH743
本文编号：2175113
[Abstract]:Telescopes in motion will be affected by misalignment of the mirror. The main causes of ground-based telescope include gravity, wind load and heat exchange, while the main factors of space telescope include vibration, temperature difference and so on. With the increase of telescope caliber, the misalignment error becomes more sensitive, which becomes a prominent technical problem for researchers. Based on the imaging definition of telescope optical system, the detection and correction of misalignment error of two coaxial and three off axis telescopes are theoretically studied, simulated and verified by experiments. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the distribution characteristics of total field aberration are analyzed by using vector wave aberration theory when the optical system of coaxial telescope is in ideal state and the relative position error of mirror surface exists. The mapping relationship between the position error and aberration of each degree of freedom of the mirror is obtained. Based on this, the aberration distribution characteristics of off-axis telescope optical system are studied through pupil plane coordinate system transformation, especially the off-axis TMA (Three Mirror Anastigmatic) telescope. Then, the effect of noise on the definition function is analyzed and simulated. The effect of noise is minimized by setting the optimal threshold. The formula for calculating the optimal threshold with minimum error is given, and the theoretical and simulation results are verified. Finally, a mirror position error correction method based on the definition function of the imaging spot is proposed, and the specular position error is calculated by a stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm. For the sake of global optimization, the misalignment error is solved successively by using the field of view on the axis and the far field spot in the multi-view field. According to the proposed correction method, a simulation study is carried out for a specific two-mirror coaxial and off-axis TMA telescope system. The simulation results show that the image sharpness is improved obviously after iterative correction. In the simulation of off-axis TMA system, the influence of sampling rate and optical energy intensity of imaging detector is also analyzed. Two experimental verification systems are designed and built in combination with the simulation calculation parameter system. Firstly, the misalignment error of the coaxial optical system based on the far-field spot of the field of view on the axis is calculated and corrected, and the results show that under certain boundary conditions, The effective solution of mirror position can be obtained, but the solution is not unique. Secondly, the joint calculation and correction experiment based on multi-field far-field spot for off-axis TMA telescope system is carried out. The results show that under the selected image definition function evaluation, The effective solution of the mirror position can be obtained, and it is repeatable and belongs to the unique solution. In this experiment, the correction of different SNR is analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院研究生院(光电技术研究所)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH743
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