肺功能检测仪的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-08-23 08:26

【摘要】：近年来慢性阻塞性肺疾病(Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD)等常见肺部疾病的患者人群比例持续增加,成为威胁人类健康的主要疾病之一。COPD是一种可以预防和治疗的呼吸系统疾病,其明显特征是持续存在长时间的气流受限。肺功能检查是诊断COPD不可缺少的方法,然而国内相关检测仪器与国外相比存在较大差距,测量精度和稳定性无法保证。因此,研发一种测量精度和稳定性好、操作方便、价格便宜的肺功能仪,实现COPD等相关肺部疾病的早期筛查和诊断具有重要意义。本文主要围绕肺功能检测仪的软硬件开发及仪器的测量准确性和稳定性展开工作,主要内容包括如下：1.系统总体方案设计。从测量精度和稳定性好、价格低、操作方便等方面出发,确定传感器和主控芯片选型,设计出精度高、稳定性好的流量计,并设计上下位机通信协议,数据管理方案,以及交互界面方案。2.系统硬件电路设计。系统选择STM32单片机作为主控芯片。为保证测量精度和准确性,采用双差压传感器构建呼气信号采集模块。由于单片机自带的12位A/D转换不能满足系统要求,因此增加了差压信号A/D转换模块。通过温湿度和大气压检测模块来降低环境因素对测量精度的影响。本系统所需主要电压为3.3V和5V,从安全和稳定性角度选择稳压芯片WRB1205S-1WR2和AMS1117设计电源模块。3.系统软件设计。软件设计主要包括下位机采集软件设计和上位机软件设计。上下位机通信采用串口RS232进行。通过制定上下位机通信协议,完成下位机采集软件的设计。上位机软件主要包括标定与测量模块、数据库管理模块、以及用户交互模块。同时为了引导测试者更好的测试,增加了测量动画指导模块。4.系统稳定性研究。通过统计分析仪器定标容积随时间的变化趋势,对系统的稳定性进行验证。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the proportion of patients with common pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, COPD), has been increasing, which has become one of the main diseases threatening human health. Its obvious characteristic is that there is a long-term airflow limitation. Pulmonary function examination is an indispensable method for the diagnosis of COPD. However, there is a big gap between the domestic and foreign instruments, and the accuracy and stability of the measurement cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a kind of pulmonary function instrument with good measurement accuracy and stability, convenient operation and cheap price, and to realize the early screening and diagnosis of COPD and other related pulmonary diseases. This paper focuses on the development of the hardware and software of the lung function detector and the accuracy and stability of the instrument. The main contents are as follows: 1. System overall scheme design. Starting from the aspects of good measuring precision and stability, low price and convenient operation, the selection of sensor and master control chip is determined, the flow meter with high precision and good stability is designed, and the communication protocol and data management scheme of upper and lower computer are designed. And interactive interface scheme. System hardware circuit design. The system chooses STM32 microcontroller as the main control chip. In order to ensure the accuracy and accuracy of the measurement, the dual differential pressure sensor is used to construct the expiratory signal acquisition module. Because the 12 bit A / D conversion of single chip microcomputer can not meet the requirement of the system, the differential pressure signal A / D conversion module is added. The influence of environmental factors on measurement accuracy is reduced by temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure detection module. The main voltages of this system are 3.3V and 5V. From the point of view of safety and stability, the power supply module of WRB1205S-1WR2 and AMS1117 is selected. System software design. The software design mainly includes the acquisition software design of the lower computer and the software design of the upper computer. The communication between upper and lower computer is carried out by serial port RS232. By establishing the communication protocol of the upper and lower computers, the design of the acquisition software of the lower computer is completed. The software includes calibration and measurement module, database management module and user interaction module. At the same time, in order to guide the tester to better test, the measurement animation guidance module. 4. Study on system stability. The stability of the system is verified by statistical analysis of the change trend of calibration volume with time.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH776

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