MEMS自动气象站远程数据处理、控制与可视化监测系统软件设计

发布时间：2018-11-27 08:22

【摘要】：自动气象站已成为当今气象监测的主要手段之一,在气象监测与预报领域发挥着重要作用。我国自动气象站建设起步时间较晚,自主研发的气象传感器在精度上与国外先进水平有较大差距。近年来,随着MEMS传感器技术的发展,我国自研的自动气象站数量越来越多,检测精度越来越高,应用范围也越来越广。如今自动气象站不仅在地方气象监测部门中使用,还应用于一些有气象监测需求的厂矿、农田、公路、企业等小范围观测场景。这两类应用场景在气象站类型、观测要素类型、台站管理方式、数据使用方法等多处均有所区别,前者可以与国家气象局联网,通过统一的规范将观测数据层层上传至国家气象中心,有专门的大型气象测报业务系统软件进行统一观测和管理,后者则是在某个特定的区域网络内部署一定数量的气象台站,观测的气象数据也仅用于本地存储分析而无需上报给气象部门,显然,控制和管理这种局域网型的气象站,其数据中心的监测软件在功能上应当更加轻量和灵活,通常需要根据台站类型和实际需求专门编写。本文所研究的是一款可以满足区域型气象观测需求的、用于配套自研MS50U型五要素气象站和数据采集器硬件产品的自动气象站远程监测软件。软件基于微软MFC框架编写,可以运行在Windows XP及更高版本的操作系统中,实现的主要功能包括：通过串口或GPRS将多台气象站数据分组采集到中心计算机中,采集成功率均达到90%以上；气象数据存储至关系数据库中,并为用户提供数据查找和筛选可视化界面,筛选数据可以导出为Excel报表,查询时间与报表导出时间均保持在10秒／万行内；提供两种工作模式,可分别用于无人值守监控和台站调试；具有实时监控界面,支持用户以虚拟仪器的方式查看任何远端台站的实时数据等。论文分为三大部分,首先根据软件功能指标进行总体方案设计,然后详细介绍了远程通信、数据处理与存储、参数配置、台站控制、实时数据显示、历史数据查询等主要功能模块的设计和编码,最后以论文工作中遇到的几个典型问题和困难为例,介绍了软件的测试和优化过程,并分析比较了性能优化前后的效果。软件通过与气象台站和数据采集器的多次联合调试、测试和优化后,现已实现设计指标中的功能和性能要求,可以作为MS50U型自动气象站设备的配套远程监测软件使用。软件的无人值守可靠通信、报表导出、实时监控界面等功能的实现思路对类似的工控类远程监测软件设计也具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:Automatic weather station has become one of the main means of meteorological monitoring and plays an important role in the field of meteorological monitoring and forecasting. The construction of automatic weather station in China started late, and the precision of the independently developed meteorological sensor is far from that of foreign advanced level. In recent years, with the development of MEMS sensor technology, the number of self-developed automatic weather stations in China is more and more, the detection accuracy is more and more high, and the scope of application is more and more extensive. Today, automatic weather stations are used not only in local meteorological monitoring departments, but also in small-scale observation scenarios such as factories, mines, farmland, roads, enterprises and so on. These two kinds of application scenarios are different in many places, such as the type of weather station, the type of observation elements, the mode of station management, the method of using data, etc. The former can be connected with the National Meteorological Administration. The observation data are uploaded layer by layer to the National Meteorological Center through unified norms, and there are specialized large-scale meteorological observation and reporting system software for unified observation and management. The latter is the deployment of a certain number of meteorological stations in a specific regional network. The observed meteorological data are also used only for local storage and analysis and need not be reported to the meteorological department. It is clear that the monitoring software of the data center should be more lightweight and flexible in the control and management of such local area network weather stations. It usually needs to be specially written according to station type and actual demand. This paper studies a remote monitoring software of automatic weather station which can meet the needs of regional meteorological observation and can be used to match the hardware products of MS50U five-element meteorological station and data collector. The software is based on Microsoft MFC framework and can run in Windows XP and later versions of the operating system. The main functions of the software include: collecting the data of many weather stations into a central computer by serial port or GPRS. The success rate of collection was above 90%. The meteorological data is stored in the relational database and provides a visual interface for the user to find and filter the data. The filtered data can be exported to the Excel report, and the query time and the report export time are kept within 10 seconds / 10 000 rows. It provides two working modes, which can be used for unattended monitoring and station debugging, and has a real-time monitoring interface, which supports users to view real-time data of any remote station by virtual instrument. The thesis is divided into three parts. Firstly, according to the function index of the software, the overall scheme is designed, and then the remote communication, data processing and storage, parameter configuration, station control and real-time data display are introduced in detail. The design and coding of the main function modules, such as historical data query, etc. Finally, taking several typical problems and difficulties encountered in the work of the paper as examples, the testing and optimization process of the software is introduced, and the results before and after the performance optimization are analyzed and compared. The software can be used as the remote monitoring software of MS50U automatic weather station equipment after several joint debugging, testing and optimization with meteorological station and data collector, and the function and performance requirements of the design index have been realized. The realization of the functions such as unattended and reliable communication, report export, real-time monitoring interface and so on has certain reference value for the design of similar remote monitoring software of industrial control.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH765.72

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