多通道加速度传感器在振动位移测量中的研究

发布时间：2018-01-12 01:30

本文关键词：多通道加速度传感器在振动位移测量中的研究　出处：《中北大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：火炮射击时,发射火药瞬时燃烧产生的巨大的气流膨胀力,以及高速运动中的弹丸与炮膛之间的摩擦力,都会导致炮口发生振动。而这种振动也会反过来影响弹丸产生起始扰动,进而影响到火炮的射击精度,以及对打击目标的杀伤力和破坏力。因此,业内常选择炮口的振动位移作为炮口振动影响火炮射击精度的指标之一。由于火炮发射后,炮管附近会产生烟雾、炮口焰等复杂的环境因素,其对测量仪器的安全性和可靠性有很高的要求,因此对于炮口振动位移的测量通常采用的是非接触式的测量方法。该类方法测量精度较高,但是由于测量仪器安装不便限制了测试点个数,导致无法进行炮口振动的全面测量。近些年随着MEMS加速度计的发展,其体积以及重量变得越来越小,使得通过接触式方法测量炮口振动成为一种选择。本论文设计了一套应用MEMS加速度计测量炮口振动位移的加速度采集存储系统。该系统通过对NAND FLASH编程时间的有效利用,使其存储容量扩展到16GB。并且充分利用了FPGA内部软核的32位数据总线,使该系统能够同时采集32通道振动数据,达到了全面测量炮口振动的目的。本论文首先介绍了采集存储系统的硬件搭建以及多通道、数据同步采集的实现方式。然后介绍了加速度信号处理中直流分量以及多项式趋势项的处理方法,重点介绍了本文提出的应用于位移转换的半周期积分算法及其优化算法。最后通过设计的光放大法实验以及图像采集法实验,验证了该套系统以及相关理论算法的可行性。本论文主要工作成果:(1)搭建了32通道的加速度传感器数据采集存储系统;(2)对振动加速度信号进行了频域分析,研究了处理干扰信号以及传感器零漂的相关算法;(3)模拟炮口振动设计了两个实验,并通过与加速度数据进行对比,验证了半周期积分算法及其优化算法的可行性。
[Abstract]:When a gun is fired, the huge expansion force of the airflow produced by the instantaneous combustion of the gunpowder and the friction between the projectile and the gun bore in the course of high speed motion. This vibration will in turn affect the initial disturbance of the projectile, which in turn will affect the firing accuracy of the gun, as well as the lethal and destructive power of the target. The vibration displacement of muzzle is often chosen as one of the indexes which affect the firing accuracy of gun. Because of the smoke near the gun tube and the complex environmental factors such as muzzle flame and so on after the gun is fired. It has high requirements for the safety and reliability of measuring instruments. Therefore, non-contact measurement methods are usually used for measuring muzzle vibration displacement. However, due to the inconvenient installation of measuring instruments, it is impossible to measure the muzzle vibration. In recent years, with the development of MEMS accelerometers, its volume and weight become smaller and smaller. In this paper, a set of acceleration acquisition and storage system using MEMS accelerometer to measure the displacement of muzzle vibration is designed. The system uses NAND to measure the vibration displacement of muzzle. Efficient use of FLASH programming time. The storage capacity is extended to 16GB, and the 32-bit data bus of the soft core of FPGA is fully utilized, which enables the system to collect 32 channel vibration data at the same time. The aim of measuring muzzle vibration is achieved. Firstly, the hardware structure and multi-channel of the acquisition and storage system are introduced in this paper. The realization of synchronous data acquisition. Then the processing method of DC component and polynomial trend term in acceleration signal processing is introduced. This paper mainly introduces the semi-periodic integral algorithm and its optimization algorithm which is applied to displacement conversion. Finally, the experiments of optical amplification and image acquisition are carried out. The feasibility of the system and related theoretical algorithms is verified. In this paper, a 32-channel acceleration sensor data acquisition and storage system is built. 2) the frequency domain analysis of the vibration acceleration signal is carried out, and the algorithms of processing the interference signal and the zero drift of the sensor are studied. Two experiments are designed to simulate the muzzle vibration, and the feasibility of the semi-periodic integral algorithm and its optimization algorithm is verified by comparing with the acceleration data.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TJ306;TP212.9;TP274

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