大型公共场所的无线传感器网络节点定位

发布时间：2018-02-06 00:41

本文关键词： 无线传感器网络室内定位 DV-Hop　出处：《天津工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：以全球定位系统(Global Positioning System,GPS)为代表的卫星定位技术尽管已能在室外开阔环境提供高精度的定位服务,但在室内、地下等封闭环境下,由于卫星定位信号受到障碍物阻挡、多径传播等因素影响,难以有效定位。而无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)定位技术因其成本低,易实施,抗干扰性强等优点已经成为大规模室内公共场所定位的一个重要研究方向。由于它具有大规模、自组织、多种多样的感知能力、强鲁棒性和高容错性等诸多优点,被广泛应用于军事、医疗、智能家居、工农业、灾难管理等众多领域。在几乎所有的应用场景中,定位技术都是最重要最不可或缺的技术之一。在无线传感器网络的定位技术中,应用比较多的是基于测距(Rang-based)的定位技术和基于非测距(Rang-free)的定位技术。基于测距的定位技术是需要直接测量出空间内节点间的距离或角度信息,然后通过相关几何算法来确定网络节点的位置,因此定位精度比较高,但是对硬件的要求比较高;而基于非测距的定位技术相对来说比较简单,无需测量节点之间的实际距离,成本比较低,因此它的发展十分迅速。本文主要对无线传感器网络非测距定位算法中的DV-Hop定位算法进行深入的研究和改进,其中主要的创新型工作包括:对大型公共场所的定位需求和经典的非测距定位算法DV-Hop进行深入研究与分析。通过对现有的大量相关DV-Hop改进算法进行总结;提出一种基于固定信标节点的非线性最小二乘优化定位算法,即RHDV-Hop(Rectangular Hybrid DV-Hop)定位算法。新型算法针对DV-Hop定位算法的误差来源,主要做出以下优化与改进..首先,将传统的随机抛撒节点这一布局方式改为将信标节点固定在监测区域外围形成信标节点环;其次,根据信标节点与未知节点的部署比例,即平均跳数,进行选取合适的平均每跳距离作为全局平均每跳距离进行距离计算;最后,采用非线性最小二乘优化算法Levenberg-Marquardt对未知节点坐标进行优化计算。通过实验仿真表明,RHDV-Hop定位算法与原始算法相比,更加适合大型室内公共场所,并且定位精度有明显的提高。
[Abstract]:Satellite positioning technology, represented by Global Positioning system GPS (GPS), has been able to provide high precision positioning services in open outdoor environments. However, in indoor, underground and other closed environment, the satellite positioning signal is affected by obstacles, multipath propagation and other factors. It is difficult to locate effectively. However, the location technology of Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs) in wireless sensor network is easy to implement because of its low cost. Strong anti-jamming has become an important research direction of large-scale indoor public location, because of its large-scale, self-organization, a variety of perception ability. Strong robustness and high fault tolerance are widely used in military, medical, smart home, industry and agriculture, disaster management and many other fields. In almost all application scenarios. Location technology is one of the most important and indispensable technologies. More applications are based on Rang-based location technology and Rang-free-based technology based on non-rangefinder. Location technology based on distance measurement is to directly measure the distance or angle information between nodes in the space. Then the location of the network nodes is determined by the correlation geometry algorithm, so the positioning accuracy is high, but the hardware requirement is high. However, the location technology based on non-ranging is relatively simple, does not need to measure the actual distance between nodes, and the cost is relatively low. Therefore, its development is very rapid. This paper mainly focuses on the research and improvement of DV-Hop localization algorithm in wireless sensor networks. Among the major innovative tasks are:. The location requirements of large public places and the classical non-ranging location algorithm DV-Hop are deeply studied and analyzed. A large number of existing improved DV-Hop algorithms are summarized. A nonlinear least square optimal location algorithm based on fixed beacon nodes is proposed. The new algorithm is aimed at the error source of the DV-Hop localization algorithm. Firstly, the traditional random scattered node layout is changed to the beacon node ring which is fixed on the periphery of the monitoring area. Secondly, according to the deployment ratio of beacon nodes to unknown nodes, that is, the average number of hops, the appropriate average distance per hop is chosen as the global average distance to calculate the distance. Finally, the nonlinear least square optimization algorithm (Levenberg-Marquardt) is used to optimize the coordinates of unknown nodes. Compared with the original algorithm, RHDV-Hop localization algorithm is more suitable for large indoor public places, and the positioning accuracy is obviously improved.
【学位授予单位】：天津工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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