基于复合距离与备用簇头路由算法的养猪场监控系统

发布时间：2018-03-04 11:40

本文选题：生猪养殖　切入点：环境监控系统　出处：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国自古以来都是生猪养殖大国,生猪的养殖在我国有着悠久的历史。在现阶段,生猪养殖的模式逐渐由小型化养殖向规模化养殖发展,传统的人工养殖技术已经不能应对规模化养殖的需求。为了改变传统的养殖理念和养殖技术,本文通过对国内外相关技术的研究,设计了一种养猪场环境监控系统。系统采用了WSN技术和嵌入式技术,实现了对养猪场中温湿度、H_2S、CO_2及采光强度等环境数据实时监测的功能,同时,通过自动控制环境设备的运行来维持环境的稳定,让养猪场环境更加适于生猪的生长。由于养猪场环境比较复杂,布线不便,本文使用基于Zigbee技术的无线传感器搭建了一种养猪场无线传感网络,采用了网状拓扑方式进行组网,传感网络中的节点负责采集现场环境数据以及连接猪舍中的设备。选用了ARM嵌入式开发板mini6410作为现场控制器,现场控制器通过无线连接接入Internet,在控制器中安装了嵌入式操作系统用于监控软件的开发,并构造了嵌入式开发环境,安装了嵌入式数据库用以记录养猪场环境历史信息,安装了WEB服务器用以实现6410开发板与浏览器之间的信息交互。设计了公共网关接口程序,管理员可以实时的控制猪舍设备。加载了视频设备驱动并安装了视频服务器,可以为管理员提供视频监控的功能。无线传感节点一般使用干电池供电且难以及时更换,能量有限是该项技术面临的一大瓶颈。针对猪舍环境传感网络的实际需求,本文提出了一种基于复合距离与备用簇头的路由算法。在网络分簇阶段加入了节点的距离和剩余能量影响因子,在成簇阶段使用了复合距离因子,普通节点选择最适合的簇头加入,使网络的负载更加均衡。之后在簇内通信阶段提出了使用备用簇头的方式,有效避免了因簇头节点死亡造成的簇内链接的断路,在簇间通信阶段,簇头根据与协调器的距离使用了不同的通信模式。仿真结果表明,新的算法有利于节省网络的能量,延长本文系统的运行寿命。系统实际场地测试结果显示,该系统达到了预期的效果,满足了对养猪场环境实时监控的要求,使猪舍内的环境维持在一个稳定的状态。本系统降低了生猪大规模养殖难度与人工成本,提高了猪肉产品的生产效率与产品质量,为我国畜牧养殖业的智能化发展提供了一种新的思路。
[Abstract]:Since ancient times, our country has been a big country in pig breeding, and the breeding of live pigs has a long history in our country. At this stage, the mode of pig breeding is gradually developing from miniaturization to large-scale breeding. The traditional artificial culture technology can not meet the demand of large-scale aquaculture. In order to change the traditional culture concept and culture technology, this paper studies the related technologies at home and abroad. An environment monitoring system for pig farm is designed. The system adopts WSN technology and embedded technology to realize the real-time monitoring function of temperature and humidity and daylighting intensity and other environmental data in pig farm. By automatically controlling the operation of the environmental equipment to maintain the stability of the environment, make the environment of the pig farm more suitable for the growth of live pigs. In this paper, the wireless sensor based on Zigbee technology is used to build a kind of wireless sensor network in pig farm. The node in the sensor network is responsible for collecting the field environment data and connecting the equipment in the pig house. The ARM embedded development board mini6410 is chosen as the field controller. The field controller connects Internet through wireless connection, installs the embedded operating system in the controller for the development of the monitoring software, constructs the embedded development environment, installs the embedded database to record the history information of the pig farm environment. The WEB server is installed to realize the information exchange between the 6410 development board and the browser. The common gateway interface program is designed, the administrator can control the pig house equipment in real time, the video device driver is loaded and the video server is installed. Wireless sensor nodes are generally powered by dry batteries and difficult to replace in time. Limited energy is a major bottleneck facing the technology. In this paper, a routing algorithm based on composite distance and standby cluster head is proposed. The influence factors of node distance and residual energy are added in the network clustering phase, and the composite distance factor is used in the clustering phase. Ordinary nodes choose the most suitable cluster head to add, so that the load of the network is more balanced. Then, in the intra-cluster communication stage, the method of using backup cluster head is proposed, which effectively avoids the breakage of the intra-cluster link caused by the death of cluster head node. In the phase of inter-cluster communication, the cluster head uses different communication modes according to the distance between the cluster head and the coordinator. The simulation results show that the new algorithm can save the energy of the network and prolong the running life of the system. The system achieves the desired effect, meets the requirement of real-time monitoring of the environment of the pig farm, and keeps the environment of the pig house in a stable state. The system reduces the difficulty of large-scale raising of live pigs and the cost of labor. It improves the production efficiency and product quality of pork products and provides a new way of thinking for the intelligent development of animal husbandry in China.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP277

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