氮化碳纳米复合材料电化学重离子传感器研制

发布时间：2018-03-09 13:03

本文选题：氮化碳　切入点：石墨烯-氮化碳复合物　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：重金属离子传感器已经引起全球的重视,在这众多的方法当中电化学传感器表现了优越的性能,具有高灵敏性,良好的选择性以及重复性能。电化学生物传感器在检测重金属离子当中是很流行的一种方法,包括酶类,蛋白类以及DNA传感器等。在本文中,我们构建了两种不同的重金属镉离子电化学传感器:(1)基于氮化碳纳米片构建的高性能镉离子电化学传感器。将水热法合成的氮化碳纳米片负载到玻碳电极表面,再使用电化学差分阳极溶出伏安法检测溶液中的重金属离子镉。其镉离子检测的线性关系分为两段,从1 nM到1 μM和从1μM到100μM。传感器最低的检出限为0.5 nM,是WHO规定的饮用水最低标准值的53倍。研究表明,构建的镉离子电化学传感器具有良好的重复性和稳定性。(2)基于石墨烯/氮化碳复合物构建的镉离子电化学传感器。在第一个传感器基础上,为了进一步提升镉离子电化学传感器性能,我们水热法合成了氮化碳/石墨烯复合材料,并充分利用石墨烯羧基官能团与镉离子核酸适配体缩合,构建了具有特异性的镉离子电化学传感器。通过研究,已找到特异性镉离子电化学传感器所需石墨烯/氮化碳复合材料的最佳配比。总之,本工作成功研制了基于氮化炭纳米片构建的高性能镉离子电化学传感器,在此基础上合成了可用于特异性镉离子检测的电化学传感器的石墨烯/氮化碳复合材料为检测重金属离子传感器的进一步研发提供了新的思路和研究基础。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal ion sensors have attracted worldwide attention. Among these many methods, electrochemical sensors exhibit excellent performance and high sensitivity. Good selectivity and repeatability. Electrochemical biosensors are a popular method for the detection of heavy metal ions, including enzymes, proteins and DNA sensors. We have constructed two different heavy metal cadmium ion electrochemical sensors: 1) High performance cadmium ion electrochemical sensors based on carbon nitride nanoparticles, which are loaded on glassy carbon electrode surface by hydrothermal synthesis of carbon nitride nanoparticles. The electrochemical differential anodic stripping voltammetry was used to detect the heavy metal ion cadmium in solution. The linear relationship of cadmium ion detection was divided into two sections. From 1 nm to 1 渭 M and from 1 渭 M to 100 渭 M. the lowest detection limit of the sensor is 0.5 nm, which is 53 times the minimum standard value of drinking water specified by WHO. The cadmium ion electrochemical sensor has good repeatability and stability. In order to further improve the performance of cadmium ion electrochemical sensor, carbon nitride / graphene composites were synthesized by hydrothermal method, and the graphene carboxyl functional group was condensed with cadmium nucleic acid aptamer. A specific cadmium ion electrochemical sensor has been constructed. The optimum ratio of graphene / carbon nitride composite for specific cadmium ion electrochemical sensor has been found. A high performance cadmium ion electrochemical sensor based on carbon nitride nanoparticles was successfully developed. On this basis, the graphene / carbon nitride composite material which can be used in the electrochemical sensor of specific cadmium ion detection has been synthesized, which provides a new idea and research basis for the further development of heavy metal ion sensor.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：O657.1;TP212

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