基于FPGA的无刷直流电机调速系统设计

发布时间：2018-03-16 01:03

本文选题：无刷直流电机　切入点：FPGA　出处：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,电机的控制及应用已经遍及国民经济的各个领域和环节。其中无刷直流电机采用电子换向代替机械换向,具有结构简单、维护方便、运行可靠、调速范围宽等优点,在高精度控制领域成为研究热点。本课题以永磁无刷直流电机(BLDCM)为控制对象,采用FPGA作为控制核心,设计了无刷直流电机调速系统。首先本文在深入分析无刷直流电机基本结构、工作原理以及数学模型的基础上,确立了双闭环无刷直流电机控制方案,并借助MATLAB/Simulink仿真平台,搭建了无刷直流电机双闭环控制系统的整体仿真模型。其中内环电流环采用传统PI控制。外环速度环,对电机的控制具有决定性的影响,本文分别采用了传统PI控制、模糊PI控制以及变论域模糊PI控制三种不同的控制算法,并在所搭建的仿真模型上进行了仿真对比试验。仿真结果表明,在变论域模糊PI控制策略下,系统具有更优越的动、静态性能。其次在理论仿真的基础上,选取ALTERA公司的FPGA芯片EP2C70F896C6作为控制器的核心,进行了无刷直流电机调速系统的软、硬件设计。硬件部分,依据系统要求,主要包括以FPGA为核心的控制电路,无刷直流电机的驱动电路、电流采样电路、Hall信号检测电路、A/D转换电路及其它外围电路设计。FPGA软件部分利用硬件描述语言和EDA模块化设计思想给出了变论域模糊PI调节模块、霍尔测速模块、PWM调制及换相模块、串口通信模块、A/D转换模块等具体的实现方法。最后,在Modelsim软件中对系统各个模块进行功能仿真,验证程序的正确性。进而在所搭建的硬件平台上,对系统进行硬件实现和验证。同时,为了方便对电机性能的调试分析,本文还利用VC++开发了上位机监控界面,可以实时监控电机运行状况。通过对实验所获得的转速曲线进行对比分析,证明了本论文设计的无刷直流电机调速系统具有良好的控制性能。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the control and application of the motor have been widely used in various fields and links of the national economy. Among them, the brushless DC motor adopts electronic commutation instead of mechanical commutator, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient maintenance, reliable operation, wide speed range and so on. In the field of high-precision control, this paper takes the permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDCM) as the control object and adopts FPGA as the control core. In this paper, the basic structure, working principle and mathematical model of brushless DC motor are analyzed deeply, and the control scheme of double closed loop brushless DC motor is established, and the simulation platform of MATLAB/Simulink is used. The whole simulation model of the double closed loop control system of brushless DC motor is built, in which the traditional Pi control is used in the inner current loop and the speed loop in the outer loop has a decisive effect on the control of the motor. In this paper, the traditional Pi control is used respectively. Fuzzy Pi control and variable universe fuzzy Pi control are three different control algorithms. The simulation results show that the system is more dynamic under the variable theory domain fuzzy Pi control strategy. Secondly, on the basis of theoretical simulation, FPGA chip EP2C70F896C6 of ALTERA Company is selected as the core of controller, and the software and hardware design of brushless DC motor speed regulation system is carried out. It mainly includes the control circuit with FPGA as the core, the drive circuit of brushless DC motor, Current sampling circuit Hall signal detection circuit A / D conversion circuit and other peripheral circuit design. The software part of FPGA gives the variable theory domain fuzzy Pi regulation module by using hardware description language and EDA modular design idea. Hall velocimetry module, PWM modulation and commutation module, serial port communication module, A / D conversion module and other specific implementation methods. Finally, in the Modelsim software, the function of each module of the system is simulated. At the same time, in order to facilitate the debugging and analysis of the performance of the motor, this paper also uses VC to develop the monitoring interface of the upper computer. By comparing and analyzing the rotational speed curve obtained from the experiment, it is proved that the brushless DC motor speed control system designed in this paper has good control performance.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN791;TM33;TP273

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