基于一维PSD位置传感器激光三角法测量振动

发布时间：2018-03-19 06:48

本文选题：激光三角法　切入点：振动测量　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：传统的测振仪器一般基于接触式压电传感器把振动信号转变成电信号,再通过对电信号的分析处理,从而得到振动的加速度、速度、位移值等。随着工业的快速发展,对测量方法、测量精度以及测量速度的要求也不断改变,传统的接触式测量有些情况下无法满足工业领域的需求。本方法基于一维PSD位置传感器激光三角法测量原理,通过对振动点位移三角关系变化,再通过光电转换电路将位置信号转换成电信号反应,再将电信号转换成数字信号,从而可以在远端实时反映振动点振动响应。基于一维PSD位置传感器激光三角法在非接触光学测量领域有着重要意义。针对目前振动测量方式的精度低、测量不方便、测量速度慢等问题,采用一维PSD位移传感器设计了一种激光三角法振动测量电路。激光三角法振动测量技术属于一种非接触式检测技术,特别适用于对材料表面远距离进行检测,因此本文的主要工作有:1.对振动测量技术在国内外的发展现状进行了研究,在此基础上总结发现已有技术的不足,从而确立项目课题的研究内容与研究目标。2.通过对位置信号到数字信号转换的目的要求设计了转换电路,并基于Proteus单片机软件,对实验电路进行了实验模拟,从而确定了电路总体设计。总体的转换电路包括电流电压转换电路、信号放大电路以及加减除法模拟电路。3.利用Multism12.0软件对实验模拟电路进行了实验模拟,并根据激光三角法位移信号的反射原理对实验电路进行了仿真模拟,利用正弦波信号输入得到正弦波的这一实验结果验证了实验电路的正确性以及可行性。根据位置传感器的原理以及传感器的特性曲线,模拟实现了对三种转换电路的性能模拟,并完成了测量振动信号的目的。经过实验验证,该三角法振动测量方法电路可应用于大多数情况下的振动测量,且精度高、速度快、测量方便、成本低廉。4.设计并搭建了激光三角法测量振动系统以及信号转换传输系统,激光三角法测量振动系统包括激光发射光源、凸透镜、位置传感器、转换电路等。信号转换传输部分主要利用STM32F4开发平台实现模拟信号到数字信号的转换。模拟实验证明,利用PSD位置传感器系统转换电路进行振动测量能够还原物体的振动情况,具有较高的测量精度和准确度。而且通过远程实时传输,可以实时监测振动情况。
[Abstract]:The traditional vibrator usually transforms the vibration signal into electric signal based on the contact piezoelectric sensor, and through the analysis and processing of the electric signal, obtains the acceleration, velocity, displacement value of vibration, etc. With the rapid development of industry, The requirements of measuring methods, measuring accuracy and measuring speed are constantly changing, and the traditional contact measurement can not meet the needs of the industrial field in some cases. This method is based on the principle of one-dimensional PSD position sensor laser triangulation. By changing the triangulation relation of vibration point displacement, and then converting the position signal into the electric signal response through the photoelectric conversion circuit, and then converting the electric signal into the digital signal, The laser triangulation method based on one-dimensional PSD position sensor is of great significance in the field of non-contact optical measurement. In this paper, a laser triangulation vibration measurement circuit is designed by using one-dimensional PSD displacement sensor, which belongs to a non-contact measurement technique. It is especially suitable for the detection of long distance material surface, so the main work of this paper is: 1. The development status of vibration measurement technology at home and abroad is studied, and on this basis, the deficiency of existing technology is summarized. In order to establish the research content and research objective of the project, the conversion circuit is designed through the purpose of converting position signal to digital signal, and the experiment circuit is simulated based on Proteus single chip computer software. Thus, the overall design of the circuit is determined. The overall conversion circuit includes current-voltage conversion circuit, signal amplification circuit and analog circuit of adding and subtracting division. The simulation of the experimental analog circuit is carried out by using Multism12.0 software. The experimental circuit is simulated according to the reflection principle of the laser triangulation displacement signal. The experimental results of sinusoidal wave input verify the correctness and feasibility of the experimental circuit. According to the principle of the position sensor and the characteristic curve of the sensor, the performance simulation of the three conversion circuits is realized. The experiment results show that the circuit can be applied to the vibration measurement in most cases, and has the advantages of high accuracy, high speed and convenient measurement. Design and build the laser triangulation measurement vibration system and signal conversion transmission system. The laser triangulation measurement vibration system includes laser emission light source, convex lens, position sensor. The signal conversion and transmission part mainly uses the STM32F4 development platform to realize the conversion of analog signal to digital signal. The simulation experiment proves that the vibration of the object can be restored by using the PSD position sensor system conversion circuit to measure the vibration. It has high measurement precision and accuracy, and can monitor vibration in real time through remote real-time transmission.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212;TB523

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