基于自适应全阶观测器的感应电机无速度传感器优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 06:56

本文选题：异步电机　切入点：矢量控制　出处：《安徽大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制系统因其结构简单、造价低、维护和使用成本低、能适应恶劣条件等诸多优点,被广泛应用于各个领域。然而由于没有速度传感器反馈电机的实时转速,因此只能通过矢量控制算法来实时观测转速。在诸多控制方法中,本文着重介绍了目前最常用的模型参考自适应法和全阶观测器法,但由于模型参考自适应法和传统的全阶观测器法都存在一定的缺陷,因此本文在传统全阶观测器方法的基础上,通过改进转速自适应律和反馈矩阵的设计来提高自适应全阶观测器在低速情况下的稳定性。全文主要研究内容如下:1.阐述了异步电机无速度传感器矢量控制技术研究现状,对各种控制方法的优缺点进行了简单介绍。2.列出了异步电机在三种坐标系下的动态数学模型,并推导了三种坐标系相互转换的表达式;介绍了矢量控制原理并着重阐述了 SVPWM控制原理以及实现方法。3.研究了模型参考自适应法的基本原理、状态方程以及转速自适应律,并分析了其存在的缺陷;针对模型参考自适应法存在的不足,提出了全阶观测器模型,并对全阶观测器的构造、反馈增益矩阵的设计以及转速辨识的推导进行了介绍。4.由于传统全阶观测器在低速状态下存在不稳定问题,分析了不稳定原因,并对此提出了三点改进措施:(1)对定子电阻进行在线辨识;(2)得到改进的转速自适应律;(3)设计合理的反馈增益矩阵。得到了改进型自适应全阶观测器模型。5.对传统的全阶观测器模型和改进的自适应全阶观测器模型进行了仿真对比,得出改进的自适应全阶观测器能够有效提高系统低速运行的稳定性;并在30KW异步电机对拖实验平台上进行实验,验证了上述改进措施的有效性。
[Abstract]:The speed sensorless vector control system of asynchronous motor is widely used in various fields because of its simple structure, low cost, low maintenance and use cost, and can adapt to harsh conditions.However, because there is no speed sensor to feedback the real-time speed of the motor, the speed can only be measured by vector control algorithm.Among many control methods, this paper focuses on the most commonly used model reference adaptive method and full order observer method. However, the model reference adaptive method and the traditional full order observer method have some defects.Therefore, based on the traditional full-order observer method, the stability of the adaptive full-order observer at low speed is improved by improving the speed adaptive law and the design of feedback matrix.The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1: 1.This paper describes the research status of speed sensorless vector control technology for asynchronous motor, and introduces the advantages and disadvantages of various control methods.The dynamic mathematical models of asynchronous motor in three coordinate systems are listed, and the expressions of transformation between three coordinate systems are derived, and the principle of vector control is introduced, and the principle and realization method of SVPWM control are emphasized.The basic principle of model reference adaptive method, state equation and speed adaptive law are studied, and its defects are analyzed.The construction of full order observer, the design of feedback gain matrix and the derivation of speed identification are introduced.Due to the instability of traditional full-order observer at low speed, the reason of instability is analyzed.In this paper, a three-point improvement measure: (1) On-line identification of stator resistance is proposed. An improved rotational speed adaptive law is proposed. (3) A reasonable feedback gain matrix is designed.The improved adaptive full order observer model. 5.The traditional full-order observer model and the improved adaptive full-order observer model are simulated and compared. It is concluded that the improved adaptive full-order observer can effectively improve the stability of the system at low speed.Experiments were carried out on the 30KW asynchronous motor towing test platform to verify the effectiveness of the above improvement measures.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM343;TP212

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