面向变电站温度监测系统的无线传感器网络分簇式路由协议研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 16:25

本文选题：变电站　切入点：无线测温系统　出处：《上海电机学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的快速发展,电力需求量也相应的日益增加,但是变电站频发事故,严重影响电网的正常供电,其中原因多半是由于变电站中设备老化、由长期高负荷运行使设备局部温度过高,再加上变电站中温度监测系统的精确度,抗干扰性以及覆盖率等不高所导致漏报,误报,致使事故隐患没能被及时发现处理。频发的停电事故给人民生活带来了不便,让社会生产遭受经济损失,同时给社会产生不良的影响。本文主要探索了将无线传感器网络技术应用于变电站无线温度监测系统中,主要研究了面向变电站温度监测系统的路由协议和基于路由协议的融合算法来提高无线温度监测系统的可靠性。本文主要内容包含三部分:首先,设计了面向变电站无线传感器网络温度监控系统的框架,阐述了具体内容,分析了面向变电站无线温度监测系统的路由协议和基于路由协议的融合算法。其次,根据变电站温度监测任务的需求,在经典LEACH算法的基础上,提出了面向变电站无线温度监测的LEACH-D多跳路由算法,算法在选簇头中对选择簇头的阈值函数进行了修正,增加节点剩余能量,节点“度”的考虑因素;算法在簇间通信中采取簇间多跳的形式,簇头沿着Dijkstra算法形成的最优的路径来传输数据。仿真实验表明LEACH-D算法可以有效的减少和均衡了网络的能量消耗,延长了网络的生存时间。最后,在LEACH-D多跳路由协议的基础上,针对变电站温度监测系统采集数据中存在冗余数据和错误数据的现象,提出了基于LEACH-D路由协议的两级融合算法,第一级融合算法是簇内普通节点对采集的多个温度数据采用的平均加权和置信区间算法,降低了一定的数据冗余量和提高了数据的准确率;第二级融合算法是簇头节点采用的多数据融合的自适加权的改进算法。自适应加权算法是通过历史样本数据的均值和方差对传感器的精确度进行考量,根据不同的精确度分配不同的权值,原则是精确度越大分配越大的权值,而改进算法综合考虑传感器节点的历史样本和当前值来分配权值,更加的公平和全面,提高了两级融合算法的正确性和稳定性。通过两级数据融合算法不仅提高了数据采集的准确性,增加了无线传感器网络容错性和减少了传递数据量,同时也降低了无线传感器网络的能量消耗,延长了网络生存时间。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in our country, the demand for electric power is increasing accordingly. However, frequent accidents in substations seriously affect the normal power supply of the power grid, most of which are due to the aging of the equipment in the substations. The local temperature of the equipment is too high due to the long-term high load operation, plus the low accuracy, anti-interference and coverage rate of the temperature monitoring system in the substation, etc. As a result, the hidden dangers of the accidents have not been detected and dealt with in time. Frequent power outages have brought inconvenience to the people's lives and caused economic losses to social production. At the same time, it has a negative impact on the society. This paper mainly explores the application of wireless sensor network technology in substation wireless temperature monitoring system. This paper mainly studies the routing protocol for substation temperature monitoring system and the fusion algorithm based on routing protocol to improve the reliability of wireless temperature monitoring system. The frame of temperature monitoring system for substation wireless sensor network is designed, the concrete content is expounded, and the routing protocol and fusion algorithm based on routing protocol are analyzed. According to the requirement of substation temperature monitoring task and on the basis of classical LEACH algorithm, a LEACH-D multi-hop routing algorithm for substation wireless temperature monitoring is proposed. The threshold function of selecting cluster head is modified by the algorithm. The algorithm takes the form of multi-hop among clusters in the communication between clusters by increasing the residual energy of nodes and considering the factors of node "degree". The cluster heads transmit data along the optimal path formed by the Dijkstra algorithm. Simulation results show that the LEACH-D algorithm can effectively reduce and balance the energy consumption of the network and prolong the lifetime of the network. Finally, based on the LEACH-D multi-hop routing protocol, the cluster head can effectively reduce and balance the energy consumption of the network. A two-level fusion algorithm based on LEACH-D routing protocol is proposed to solve the problem of redundant data and error data in substation temperature monitoring system. The first level fusion algorithm is the average weighting and confidence interval algorithm used by the common nodes in the cluster, which reduces the data redundancy and improves the accuracy of the data. The second level fusion algorithm is an improved adaptive weighting algorithm for multi-data fusion used by cluster head nodes. The adaptive weighting algorithm considers the accuracy of the sensor through the mean and variance of historical sample data. According to different accuracy, the principle is that the greater the accuracy, the greater the weight, while the improved algorithm is more fair and comprehensive, considering the historical samples and current values of sensor nodes. It not only improves the accuracy of data acquisition, increases the fault tolerance of wireless sensor networks and reduces the amount of data transferred, but also improves the correctness and stability of the two-level fusion algorithm. At the same time, it also reduces the energy consumption of wireless sensor networks and prolongs the network lifetime.
【学位授予单位】：上海电机学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM63;TP274

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