矿井穹顶型长直巷道WSN覆盖与路由算法研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 20:02

本文选题：穹顶型长直巷道　切入点：无缝感知覆盖　出处：《江西理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：矿井巷道既承担了日常生产的运输通道,同时也是应急情况下的工作人员的主要逃生通道,因此对矿井主巷道的环境监测是保障生产和安全的基础。传感器节点作为无线传感器网络的基本构件具有价格低、体积小、稳定可靠的优点,广泛应用于自然条件恶劣的环境监控领域,特别适用于矿井巷道施工环境的监控。在矿井巷道中长距离无线通信条件受限的情况下,这就要求合理部署无线传感器网络节点达到巷道区域完全覆盖以提高网络覆盖质量,并且针对井下巷道长直空间特性设计出合理的路由协议。本文所做的工作主要包括以下两点:(1)为解决井下穹顶型巷道中无线传感器网络固定节点的覆盖问题,在分析和抽象井下穹顶型巷道的空间模型基础上,推导出针对穹顶型巷道横向截面的单个传感器无缝覆盖、两个传感器无缝覆盖、三个传感器无缝覆盖条件下的最小感知半径与巷道横向截面几何尺寸之间的函数关系以及传感器节点的最佳部署位置。然后,在穹顶型长直巷道横截面传感器节点最小感知半径部署的基础上计算出一段巷道区域内一重无缝覆盖、二重无缝覆盖的最小节点密度。通过实验证明,依据本文建立的穹顶型长直巷道几何尺寸与传感器节点感知半径、节点部署位置的普适函数关系,可以合理地选择固定节点的布局方案,做到矿井巷道中传感器节点最小密度完全覆盖,从而能够有效控制工程成本,简化工程操作。(2)在矿井长直巷道传感器节点无缝感知覆盖基础上,本文提出一种层次型网络结构,将长直巷道的网络拓扑结构抽象成三层网络结构即普通节点网络层、簇头网络层、Sink节点网络层。为避免网络分簇不均匀导致传感器节点通信路径过长的问题,基于虚拟网格原理,将矿井长直巷道抽象成不同小区域的联合。每个传感器节点根据自身位置信息自动归属相应区域,每个局部区域的簇头节点基于局部能量均衡和局部位置均衡原则自主随机选举。普通节点通过比较与本区域簇头节点的距离和左右相邻区域的簇头节点的距离,选择三个簇头节点中距离最短的加入,Sink节点按固定间隔均匀分布在巷道中,簇头节点与Sink节点基于最短路径原则通信。同时,Sink节点通过单跳或者多跳向基站传送数据。仿真实验证明了上述路由协议的网络拓扑结构更加符合长直巷道的空间特性,局部区域路由的提出,使网络结构具有更好的扩展性,网络能耗更加均衡,有效延长了无线传感器网络的生命周期。
[Abstract]:Mine roadway transport channel is responsible for daily production, the main escape is also an emergency staff, so the environmental monitoring of coal mine roadway is a basic guarantee of production and safety. As the basic component of sensor nodes in wireless sensor networks with low price, small volume, stable and reliable, widely used in the environmental monitoring field of harsh natural conditions, especially suitable for the monitoring of mine roadway construction in mine roadway environment. Long distance wireless communication condition is limited, which requires the reasonable deployment of wireless sensor network nodes to achieve complete coverage of roadway area in order to improve the quality of network coverage, and the spatial characteristics of underground roadway design a long straight route the protocol is reasonable. The work of this paper includes the following two points: (1) to solve the problem of wireless sensor network in underground roadway dome The coverage problem of fixed nodes, based on spatial analysis model and abstract underground dome type tunnel, a single sensor is derived for seamless coverage of dome type tunnel cross section, two sensor seamless coverage, between the minimum seamless coverage of three sensors under the condition of half diameter and transverse roadway section geometry and sensor function the optimal node deployment location. Then, calculate the tunnel area a seamless coverage in the dome type long straight roadway cross section of sensor nodes based on the minimum radius of the deployment, no double seam minimum node density coverage. Through experiments, on the basis of the dome type long straight tunnel geometry and sensor perception node radius, node deployment location of the universal function, we can choose reasonable layout scheme of fixed nodes, do the sensor in mine roadway Complete coverage is the minimum node density, which can effectively control the project cost, simplify the engineering operation. (2) in the mine long straight tunnel seamless coverage based on sensor nodes, this paper proposes a hierarchical network structure, network topology will be long straight tunnel into three layer network structure is the common node network layer, cluster the head of the network layer, Sink node network layer. In order to avoid the clustering of sensor nodes due to the uneven communication path is too long, the virtual grid based on the principle of the abstraction of mine into the long straight tunnel with different small areas. Each sensor nodes belonging to the corresponding region automatically according to their location information, the cluster head node of each local area the local energy equilibrium and partial equilibrium principle based on random position independent election. Ordinary nodes by cluster head nodes compared with the regional cluster head node and the distance around the adjacent region Distance, select the three cluster head node in the shortest distance to the Sink node at a fixed interval uniform distribution in the tunnel, the cluster head nodes and Sink node shortest path based on the principle of communication. At the same time, the Sink node through single hop or multi hop transmit data to the base station. The simulation results show that the characteristic of the long straight tunnel more in line with the above network topology routing protocol, proposed local routing, scalability of the network structure has better network, a more balanced energy consumption, prolong the life cycle of wireless sensor networks.

【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TD65;TP212.9;TN929.5

【相似文献】