无线传感网中低延迟协议的研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 09:15

本文选题：无线传感网 + 物联网　；参考：《西北大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：无线网络是当前最热门的技术之一,其中的无线传感器网络、物联网、泛在网络等已经开始在人类社会生活的各个方面应用,例如野外环境监测、智能家居、工业控制、灾害预警等。而此类应用有很多不仅对数据的实时性存在较高要求,需要无线网络保证一定的延迟下限,同时对鲁棒性或者能耗在不同的场景下也存在不同的要求。例如,在灾害预警类应用中,网络通常工作在比较恶劣的环境中,所以协议除了要具有较好的延迟表现以外,还需要有较好的鲁棒性,以保证灾害发生时预警信息可以安全高效的抵达目的。本文的研究对这类低延迟的应用进行了深入分析,在野外环境监测等场景,网络主要由使用电池供电的有源传感器节点(以下简称传感器节点)组成,主要挑战是要兼顾延迟性能和鲁棒性,在智能家居等场景中;网络主要由从环境中获取能量的Energy Harvesting节点(能量收集型节点)组成,主要挑战是要兼顾延迟和能耗,本文针对以上这些挑战进行了以下几个方面的研究:1.提出了低延迟高鲁棒性的路由协议(RDR),RDR通过独特的路径探测寻找延迟较短、抗逆性较强的路径,以此降低传输延迟,利用周围节点协助转发解决不稳定链路,增强鲁棒性,使得网络中的节点可以在良好的网络环境和恶劣的网络环境中都保持较好的延迟表现,同时保证网络中节点可以进行端到端通信,不再局限于单向数据收集。2.提出延迟可控的低能耗MAC协议(ED-MAC),将通信的发起方由发送节点转移至接收节点,由接收节点发起通信,避免了由于竞争信道引起的碰撞问题。通过对数据包到达时间进行估算和动态调整休眠周期,减少了空闲监听时间,以此保证了低能耗。通过对动态精准的调整收发双方的相遇时间,保证平均等待延迟可控,从实验的角度给出了协议的适用范围,实现了延迟和低能耗通信。同时ED-MAC不需要进行时钟同步。3.针对前述协议,本文使用OMNeT++平台围绕延迟,鲁棒性,能耗等多个角度进行了大量的仿真实验,通过理论分析和仿真实验结合,从各个方面说明了本文所提出的协议的有效性和正确性。与现有的方法相比,本文提出的协议不仅可以满足延迟性能的需求,同时,对于随之而来的潜在要求也可以很好的满足,更好的适应了延迟性能要求高的应用,增加了无线网络的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Wireless network is one of the most popular technologies at present. Among them, wireless sensor network, Internet of things, ubiquitous network, and so on, have begun to be applied in all aspects of human social life, such as field environment monitoring, intelligent home, industrial control, etc. Disaster warning, etc. However, many of these applications not only have high requirements for real-time data, but also require wireless networks to ensure a certain delay limit, and also have different requirements for robustness or energy consumption in different scenarios. For example, in disaster warning applications, the network usually works in a bad environment, so in addition to having better delay performance, the protocol also needs better robustness. In order to ensure the disaster early warning information can reach the purpose of safety and efficiency. In the field environment monitoring and other scenarios, the network is mainly composed of battery-powered active sensor nodes (hereinafter referred to as sensor nodes). The main challenge is to balance delay performance and robustness in scenarios such as smart homes; the network consists of Energy Harvesting nodes (energy collection nodes) that derive energy from the environment, and the main challenge is to balance delay and energy consumption. This paper studies these challenges in the following ways: 1. In this paper, a routing protocol with low delay and high robustness is proposed to find the path with short delay and strong resistance through unique path detection, so as to reduce the transmission delay, to use the surrounding nodes to help forward the unstable link, and to enhance the robustness. The nodes in the network can maintain better delay performance in both the good network environment and the bad network environment. At the same time, the nodes in the network can be end-to-end communication and are no longer confined to one-way data collection. 2. A low energy consumption MAC protocol with controlled delay is proposed to transfer the initiator of the communication from the sending node to the receiving node and to initiate the communication by the receiving node so as to avoid the collision problem caused by the competing channel. By estimating the packet arrival time and dynamically adjusting the sleep cycle, the idle listening time is reduced, and the low energy consumption is ensured. By adjusting the meeting time of the two transceivers dynamically and accurately to ensure that the average waiting delay is controllable, the range of application of the protocol is given from the point of view of experiment, and the communication between delay and low energy consumption is realized. At the same time, ED-MAC does not need to synchronize the clock. 3. In view of the above protocol, this paper uses the OMNeT platform to carry out a large number of simulation experiments around delay, robustness, energy consumption and so on, and combines the theoretical analysis with simulation experiments. The validity and correctness of the proposed protocol are illustrated from various aspects. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed protocol can not only meet the requirements of delay performance, but also meet the potential requirements, and better adapt to the applications with high delay performance. The application prospect of wireless network is increased.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN915.04

【参考文献】