钢丝绳捻股机放卷系统恒张力控制的研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 11:48

【摘要】：钢丝绳是由若干根钢丝或绳股按照一定的规则捻制而形成的螺旋状的钢丝束。它具有良好的抗拉、疲劳强度和冲击韧性,能够承受较重的负载和冲击载荷,可绕性好,相对重量较轻,结构多样,规格齐全等特点。在冶金、矿山、石油天然气钻采、机械、化工、航空航天等领域中成为了一种必不可少的部件或材料,其质量也被国内外多个行业所关注,并投入大量人力、物力进行钢丝绳使用研究和产品开发工作。经研究分析发现,钢丝绳捻制过程中钢丝或绳股的张力控制对钢丝绳的质量具有重要的影响。捻股机是钢丝绳生产中的主要设备之一。本文针对管式捻股机放卷过程中张力不稳定、控制效果不佳等问题,在研究分析张力控制模型和控制算法等的基础上对恒张力控制系统进行改造设计。首先,文中阐述了本课题的研究背景及意义,对张力控制原理及方式进行了详细介绍,总结了国内外钢丝绳的发展状况和张力控制的研究现状,并对钢丝绳的生产工艺流程、设备使用情况简单介绍,指出了恒张力控制在钢丝绳捻制过程的重要性。其次,对管式捻股机的放卷张力控制系统进行数学建模,分析了在放卷过程中卷径、转动惯量、角速度的变化对张力的影响,指出了卷径的变化是影响张力波动的主要因素。在介绍工程上常用的卷径测量方法的基础上,本文提出了一种基于缠绕模型和时间计算卷径的新方法。由于捻股机放卷张力控制是一个非线性、大时变、多干扰的系统,因此控制策略的研究也是本课题的一个重要研究内容,分析各种PID控制算法各自的特点,为张力控制器的设计奠定了理论基础。再次,设计了以张力传感器为检测元件、磁粉制动器为执行元件和基于神经网络的模糊PID控制器的一套完整的张力控制装置。其中,控制器的设计包含了硬件电路设计、软件设计和控制算法。最后,经过测试发现卷径的测量算法计算值与实际放卷情况基本上相符合,验证该方法的有效性。运用MATLAB/Simulink所选取的控制策略进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明基于神经网络的模糊PID控制系统比常规PID算法更具有动、静态性能和鲁棒性等。同时,将设计的张力控制装置运用在现场,通过试验结果分析可知,该装置操作方便,系统工作稳定,抗干扰能力强,实现了恒张力放线,确保了捻制质量,达到了安全生产要求。
[Abstract]:Wire rope is a spiral wire bundle formed by a number of wires or strands twisted according to certain rules. It has good tensile strength, fatigue strength and impact toughness, can withstand heavy load and impact load, can be wound well, relative weight is lighter, structure is diverse, specifications are complete and so on. In metallurgy, mining, oil and gas drilling, mechanical, chemical, aerospace and other fields has become an indispensable component or material, its quality has been concerned by many industries at home and abroad, and put a lot of manpower, Material resources for the use of wire rope research and product development. Through research and analysis, it is found that the tension control of wire or strands plays an important role in the process of wire rope twisting. Twisting machine is one of the main equipment in the production of wire rope. In this paper, aiming at the problems of unstable tension and poor control effect in the unwinding process of the tube twisting machine, the constant tension control system is reformed and designed on the basis of studying and analyzing the tension control model and control algorithm. Firstly, this paper describes the research background and significance of this topic, introduces the principle and method of tension control in detail, summarizes the development of wire rope at home and abroad and the research status of tension control, and introduces the production process of steel wire rope. The application of the equipment is briefly introduced, and the importance of constant tension control in the twisting process of wire rope is pointed out. Secondly, the mathematical modeling of the tension control system of the tube twisting machine is carried out, and the influence of the variation of the winding diameter, the moment of inertia and the angular velocity on the tension during the unwinding process is analyzed. It is pointed out that the change of the winding diameter is the main factor affecting the tension fluctuation. On the basis of introducing the commonly used methods of diameter measurement in engineering, this paper presents a new method for calculating the diameter of winding based on winding model and time. Because the winding tension control of twisting machine is a nonlinear, time-varying and multi-interference system, the study of control strategy is also an important research content in this paper. The characteristics of various PID control algorithms are analyzed. It lays a theoretical foundation for the design of tension controller. Thirdly, a complete tension control device with tension sensor as detection element, magnetic powder brake as executive element and fuzzy PID controller based on neural network is designed. The controller design includes hardware circuit design, software design and control algorithm. Finally, it is found that the calculation value of the measurement algorithm is basically consistent with the actual unwinding situation, and the validity of the method is verified. The simulation results show that the fuzzy PID control system based on neural network is more dynamic, static and robust than the conventional PID algorithm. At the same time, the designed tension control device is used in the field. Through the analysis of the test results, it can be seen that the device is easy to operate, the system works stably, the anti-interference ability is strong, the constant tension wire setting is realized, and the twisting quality is ensured. Meet the requirements of production safety.
【学位授予单位】：北京工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TG355;TP273

【相似文献】