激波管测速技术研究和处理电路设计

发布时间：2018-08-05 19:14

【摘要】：激波管是压力传感器动态标定的常用装置,激波速度的准确测量是标定压力传感器的重要参数。本文针对激波传播速度测量装置存在安装结构复杂、测量误差大等不足,结合光幕探测测速技术,对激波管测速方法进行研究,提出了光探针测速方法。论文主要研究内容如下:(1)激波管测速用光探针方案设计。根据激波传播理论和光幕探测测速原理设计了光探针传感器,完成了光源与探测器件的选型,依据激波管的外形结构设计了基于光纤传输的光源与探测器件的安装结构。(2)高灵敏度、高频率响应特性信号处理电路设计。根据选择的探测器件设计相应的信号探测电路和放大电路,实现激波穿过探测区域时探测器输出信号的光电转换、放大与驱动等处理,最终输出可被信号采集仪识别的过幕信号。(3)激波过幕时刻信号提取方法研究。研究了微弱信号处理算法中小波变换奇异点检测法对激波信号特征时刻的提取,获得激波穿过两路光探针探测视场的时间,计算出激波的传播速度。(4)搭建光探针测速装置进行相关验证试验。依据光探针测速总体设计方案在实验室通过控制光源光能量发生变化模拟激波穿过光探针光幕时的物理变化过程,检验信号处理电路的响应特性,采用小波奇异点检测法提取两路信号特征时刻点,计算出两路信号之间的时间值。通过对研制的光探针进行模拟试验,结果验证了设计方案的可行性。
[Abstract]:Shock tube is a commonly used device for dynamic calibration of pressure sensor. Accurate measurement of shock velocity is an important parameter in calibrating pressure sensor. Aiming at the problems of complex installation structure and large measurement error of shock wave velocity measuring device, this paper studies the method of shock wave tube velocimetry combined with light screen detection and velocimetry technology, and puts forward the method of optical probe velocimetry. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the design of optical probe for shock tube velocimetry. The light probe sensor is designed according to the shock wave propagation theory and the principle of detecting the velocities of the light screen. The selection of the light source and the detector is completed. According to the shape structure of shock tube, the installation structure of light source and detector based on optical fiber transmission is designed. (2) the signal processing circuit with high sensitivity and high frequency response characteristic is designed. According to the selected detector, the corresponding signal detection circuit and amplifying circuit are designed to realize the photoelectric conversion, amplification and drive processing of the output signal of the detector when the shock wave passes through the detection area. The final output signal can be recognized by the signal collector. (3) Research on the method of extracting shock wave signal. In this paper, the wavelet transform singularity detection method of weak signal processing algorithm is studied to extract the characteristic time of shock signal, and the time of shock wave passing through two optical probes to detect the field of view is obtained. The propagation velocity of shock wave is calculated. (4) the optical probe velocimetry device is built to carry out the related verification test. According to the overall design scheme of optical probe velocimetry, the physical process of shock wave passing through the light screen of light probe is simulated by controlling the change of light energy of light source in laboratory, and the response characteristics of signal processing circuit are tested. The characteristic time points of two signals are extracted by using wavelet singularity detection method, and the time values between two signals are calculated. The feasibility of the design is verified by the simulation test of the developed optical probe.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212

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