基于功率控制的WSN跨层优化关键技术研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 20:20

【摘要】：无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Network,WSN)是对信息进行采集、处理并传输的信息监测网络。传统的WSN由于其对信息传输及计算处理能力已无法满足越来越高的应用要求,常常导致网络出现信息冗余、网络能量消耗过快等问题。因此需要对网络进行性能优化,以此加快网络处理信息的速度,提高网络有效吞吐量。而跨层优化技术正是利用整合协议栈,将协议栈相对独立的层看成一个整体,实现网络信息共享,加快信息处理速度、避免网络拥塞,延长网络生命周期等,是提高WSN性能的核心技术之一。由于WSN中MAC(Media Access Control)层与网络层主要完成冲突检测、信道资源分配、选择路径以及信息传输等功能,能量消耗较大,因此本文从MAC层和网络层入手,着重研究适合这两层的跨层优化技术,设计一种基于功率控制的跨层优化算法(Power Channel Stable Clustering,PCSC),达到避免网络拥塞、节省网络能量的目的。主要成果如下:首先,由于传统的WSN分层结构中MAC层和网络层相对独立,不能实现资源共享,易造成吞吐量低、计算冗余消耗过多能量等问题。本文设计一种采用管道连接MAC层与网络层的协议栈模型,建立一个直接信息通道,保证信息快速准确并节省能量,并在此基础上设计结合MAC层功率机制与网络层路由算法的PCSC算法。在网络连通以及传输时,可以选择最合适的节点功率以提高网络性能。其次,针对信道利用率低造成信息冲突或延迟等问题,对时间要求高的网络一般不采用如单信道传输等低利用率的信道策略,因此本文针对节点传输设计了双信道策略,即存在数据信道以及控制信道,两种信息同时传输也不会造成冲突和干扰。最后,利用MATLAB仿真工具对本文提出的PCSC算法进行仿真测试,测试结果表明,与其他分簇算法相比较,PCSC算法能够提高网络有效吞吐量,节省网络能量延长网络生命周期。
[Abstract]:Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is an information monitoring network that collects, processes and transmits information. Traditional WSN can not satisfy the higher and higher application requirements because of its ability to transmit and process information. It often leads to information redundancy and network energy consumption. Network performance optimization is used to speed up network processing and improve network throughput. Cross-layer optimization technology is to use integrated protocol stack to regard the relatively independent layer of protocol stack as a whole, realize network information sharing, speed up information processing, avoid network congestion, prolong network life cycle and so on. As the MAC layer and the network layer in WSN mainly complete the functions of conflict detection, channel resource allocation, path selection and information transmission, and so on, the energy consumption is large, so this paper starts from the MAC layer and the network layer, focuses on the research of cross-layer optimization technology suitable for the two layers, and designs a power-based design. Power Channel Stable Clustering (PCSC) can avoid network congestion and save network energy. The main results are as follows: Firstly, due to the independence of MAC layer and network layer in the traditional WSN hierarchical structure, it can not realize resource sharing, which easily leads to low throughput and excessive energy consumption. This paper designs a protocol stack model that connects MAC layer and network layer by pipeline, establishes a direct information channel, guarantees fast and accurate information and saves energy. On this basis, a PCSC algorithm combining MAC layer power mechanism with network layer routing algorithm is designed. Secondly, aiming at the problem of information collision or delay caused by low channel utilization rate, the network with high time requirement usually does not adopt the channel strategy with low utilization rate such as single channel transmission. Therefore, this paper designs a dual-channel strategy for node transmission, that is, data channel and control channel exist, two kinds of information are transmitted simultaneously. Finally, the PCSC algorithm proposed in this paper is tested by MATLAB simulation tool. The test results show that compared with other clustering algorithms, PCSC algorithm can improve the network throughput, save network energy and prolong the network life cycle.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212.9;TN929.5

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