风电规模化并网条件下互联电网AGC的动态优化策略研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 17:45

【摘要】：风能是可持续的清洁能源。在化石能源日益枯竭的情况下,风电大规模并网是新能源电力系统的必然趋势。但是风电存在着间歇性强、波动性大、可控性差等不足,大量的风电涌入使电网的运行特性变得复杂。这要求电网自动发电控制系统(Automatic Generation Control,AGC)能及时响应能源与负荷的快速、大范围波动。进一步涉及到系统稳定运行约束、分区域调节并探究区域控制性能、协调快慢机组以及考虑市场因素的综合问题,应当寻求新的思路来发展和完善现有的AGC方法。本文首先对AGC的系统构成、工作原理及评价标准进行阐述。在此基础上,本文提出互联电网AGC动态控制策略,着力解决在充分利用风能的情况下如何保证电力系统安全、经济运行的问题。在控制策略研究中考虑了互联电网系统频率和联络线功率变化对AGC控制的影响,利用互联电网“互助”的优势提高系统容纳风电的能力;控制策略研究中考虑了AGC机组的动态特性,包括机组的可调容量、运行状态、爬坡能力以及机组最小持续爬坡时间,以充分协调利用全网AGC资源来提高系统抵消风电波动的能力;控制策略在保证CPS长期有效的条件下充分利用“CPS标准不要求短期内ACE必须过零”所带来的调节空间提高系统抵御风电扰动的能力;控制策略权衡了动态优化过程中经济性目标和指标性目标的比重,在消纳风电过程中可保证电网运行的安全性和经济性。AGC动态控制策略模型是一个多约束、大规模、多时段的复杂优化问题。为此,本文利用粒子群算法(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)进行求解运算,设计含多种信息的粒子,采用带动态惯性权重的更新速度,制定符合实际运行特性的粒子分解及修改规则,并详细阐述算法步骤。通过对某控制区域仿真实验表明,在大规模风电并网条件下,本AGC动态控制策略在协调全网AGC资源、稳定电网频率、长期满足CPS指标以及降低调节费用方面具有显著优势。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is a sustainable and clean energy source. Under the condition that fossil energy is exhausted day by day, large-scale wind power grid is the inevitable trend of new energy power system. However, wind power has some disadvantages, such as strong intermittent, large volatility, poor controllability and so on. A large number of wind power influx makes the operation characteristics of power grid complex. This requires the automatic generation control system (Automatic Generation Control,AGC) to respond to the rapid and wide fluctuation of energy and load in time. Furthermore, it is necessary to find a new way to develop and perfect the existing AGC method, which involves the stable operation constraints of the system, regional regulation and exploration of regional control performance, coordination of speed and slow units, and consideration of market factors. This paper first describes the system structure, working principle and evaluation criteria of AGC. On this basis, this paper puts forward the dynamic control strategy of AGC in interconnected power network, and tries to solve the problem of how to ensure the safe and economical operation of power system under the condition of making full use of wind energy. In the study of control strategy, the influence of frequency and tie-line power change on AGC control is taken into account, and the ability of holding wind power is improved by taking advantage of "mutual aid" of interconnected power grid. In the study of control strategy, the dynamic characteristics of the AGC unit are considered, including the adjustable capacity, the running state, the climbing ability and the minimum continuous climbing time of the unit. In order to fully coordinate the use of AGC resources in the whole network to improve the ability of the system to offset wind power fluctuations; Under the condition that CPS is effective for a long time, the control strategy makes full use of the adjustment space brought by "CPS standard does not require that ACE must cross zero in the short term" to improve the system's ability to resist wind power disturbance. The control strategy balances the proportion of the economic target and the target in the process of dynamic optimization. The dynamic control strategy model of AGC can ensure the safety and economy of the power network operation in the process of wind power consumption, which is a multi-constraint and large-scale. Complex optimization problem with multiple time periods. In this paper, the particle swarm optimization (Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO) algorithm is used to solve the problem, and the particle with various information is designed. The particle decomposition and modification rules are formulated by using the renewal speed with dynamic inertial weight. The algorithm steps are described in detail. The simulation results of a control area show that under the condition of large-scale wind power grid connection, the AGC dynamic control strategy has significant advantages in coordinating AGC resources, stabilizing the power network frequency, meeting the CPS index for a long time and reducing the adjustment cost.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP18;TM732

【参考文献】