瞬态高温传感器动态特性分析及爆温测试应用

发布时间：2018-09-09 11:42

【摘要】：在国防事业的建设中,随着弹药武器的快速发展,在评估弹药爆炸时所产生温度场的热效应方面,对爆温测试技术提出了更高的要求。由于爆炸时产生火球的温度峰值高、作用时间短、变化剧烈,且其他强干扰元素颇多,因此爆温测试面临难题。经验表明,在进行爆温测试时,如果采用非接触式测温方式,则会因很难获得爆炸产物实际的发射率而使测试结果偏差很大,因此目前多采用以热电偶测温为主的接触式测温方式。由于传感器本身的热惯性及有限的热传导作用,用热电偶进行瞬态高温测试时,也会使热电偶的测量值与被测对象的真实值之间存在动态响应误差,而误差的大小与热电偶温度传感器在相应温度场中的动态响应特性息息相关。本文针对火焰温度场环境下的瞬态高温测试,基于接触式测温理论,提出了一种热电偶温度传感器动态响应特性的分析方法——高温火焰法。首先用此方法在实验室条件下获取了热电偶的时间常数,也即热电偶在火焰温度场中的动态响应特性。然后在热电偶的动态响应特性无法满足爆温测试要求的情况下,用高温火焰法所得结果,基于系统逆建模的思想,在MATLAB环境下采用粒子群优化算法(PSO)建立了热电偶温度传感器的动态补偿滤波器模型,对此热电偶在火焰温度场中的动态特性进行了补偿。继而以FPGA为核心,设计并实现了用于瞬态高温测试的存储式温度测试系统,并将所设计的测试系统应用到爆炸现场,获得了弹药爆炸时火球温度的测量值。最后在此基础上,用所建立的热电偶温度传感器的动态补偿滤波器模型对现场实测数据进行了修正,从而得到了弹药爆炸时火球温度的补偿值。本文提出的高温火焰法对于评估传感器在火焰温度场中实际的动态响应特性有一定的参考价值,所用数据处理方式对消除动态测试中的部分误差因子也有着重要的作用。本文设计的瞬态高温测试系统不仅能满足爆温测试要求,而且性能可靠、使用方便,测试所得爆炸现场试验数据的动态补偿结果也可为弹药的研制和威力评估等提供可靠的实测依据。
[Abstract]:In the construction of national defense, with the rapid development of ammunition weapons, a higher requirement is put forward for the test technology of explosion temperature in evaluating the thermal effect of the temperature field produced by the explosion of ammunition. Because of the high peak temperature of the fireball produced during explosion, the short action time, the sharp change, and many other strong interfering elements, it is difficult to test the detonation temperature. Experience shows that, if non-contact temperature measurement is used, the actual emissivity of the explosive product will be difficult to obtain and the test results will deviate greatly. Therefore, the current use of thermocouple temperature-based contact temperature measurement. Because of the thermal inertia and limited heat conduction of the sensor itself, the dynamic response error between the measured value of the thermocouple and the real value of the object will also exist when the thermocouple is used for transient high temperature measurement. The magnitude of the error is closely related to the dynamic response of the thermocouple temperature sensor in the corresponding temperature field. In this paper, based on the theory of contact temperature measurement, a method for analyzing the dynamic response of thermocouple temperature sensor is proposed, which is called high temperature flame method. Firstly, the time constant of the thermocouple is obtained by this method in the laboratory, that is, the dynamic response of the thermocouple in the flame temperature field. Then when the dynamic response characteristics of the thermocouple can not meet the test requirements of explosion temperature, the results obtained by the high temperature flame method are based on the idea of inverse modeling of the system. The dynamic compensation filter model of thermocouple temperature sensor is established by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in MATLAB environment, and the dynamic characteristics of thermocouple in flame temperature field are compensated. Then, a storage temperature test system for transient high temperature test is designed and implemented with FPGA as the core. The designed test system is applied to the explosion site, and the measuring value of the fireball temperature is obtained when the ammunition explodes. On this basis, the dynamic compensation filter model of the thermocouple temperature sensor is used to modify the field measured data, and the compensation value of the fireball temperature during the explosion of the ammunition is obtained. The high temperature flame method proposed in this paper has certain reference value for evaluating the actual dynamic response characteristics of the sensor in the flame temperature field. The data processing method used in this paper also plays an important role in eliminating some error factors in the dynamic test. The transient high temperature test system designed in this paper can not only meet the test requirements of explosion temperature, but also has reliable performance and convenient use. The dynamic compensation results of explosion field test data can also provide reliable experimental data for ammunition development and power evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：中北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212

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