风力发电液力机械控制系统研究

发布时间：2018-10-04 22:29

【摘要】：随着人类不断的进步和发展,随之而来的是对能源的开发和利用不断增加。能源广泛应用于各个领域,工业、车辆、以及日常生活中都会大量的使用能源,能源和我们人类的生存息息相关,对人类的发展和未来至关重要。因此,合理的开发、利用可再生能源,是值得认真对待的世界性问题,需要人类的共同努力。风能是可再生能源并且污染小,应该增加对其的利用,关于风能利用的问题应引起世界共同的关注。虽然我国的风电装机容量和风电设备制造规模近几年发展迅速,在世界范围内具有一定的竞争力。但是在风力发电的技术方面,特别是在风电场接入系统后的运行方面和在风电设备的制造方面,我国与世界先进水平的差距还相当大。近年来已经引进了国外的先进技术,仍然处于消化、理解和吸收的阶段。传统的变速恒频风力发电机组,例如双馈感应风力发电机组,频率不稳定,机械故障率较高,电的品质得不到保证,会对电网造成污染。本文所研究的风力发电机组通过液力机械调速装置取代频率转换装置,既可以保证风轮变转速运行又可以直接与同步发电机相连接,向电网提供与常规火电、水电机组同样质量的电能。有利于大功率发电设备的开发和国产化,意义重大。本课题主要从以下几个方面进行研究与分析:(1)基于曲面拟合原理建立导叶可调式液力变矩器的数学模型研究阶次及加权系数对拟合精度的影响,通过调节阶次和加权系数的大小,提高拟合的精度。基于以上理论分析拟合液力变矩器的CFD计算数据,得出泵轮和涡轮转矩关于转速比和导叶开度的二元三次函数,并对导叶调节规律进行分析。(2)风力发电系统的静态数学模型建立为分析风力发电液力机械控制系统的特性建提供了基础。分别建立了风力机、齿轮箱、同步发电机以及导叶调节机构的数学模型。风力发电系统由液压伺服位置控制系统调节导叶开度,利用AMESim软件模型库中提供的模型,对阀控液压缸系统进行建模,合理设置参数,得出较为理想的响应曲线。(3)风力发电系统的动态仿真分析根据风电机组的运行特性和控制要求,设计相应的控制系统,利用MATLAB\Simulink建立系统模型联合AMESim软件对风力发电液力机械控制系统进行联合动态仿真。观察系统在不同风速变化情况下的动态响应特性,验证控制器设计的准确性以及是否能构达到控制目标。
[Abstract]:With the progress and development of human beings, the development and utilization of energy is increasing. Energy is widely used in various fields, industry, vehicles, and daily life. Energy is closely related to the survival of human beings, and is crucial to the development and future of human beings. Therefore, reasonable development and utilization of renewable energy is a world problem worthy of serious treatment and needs the joint efforts of human beings. Wind energy is a renewable energy with little pollution, and its utilization should be increased. The problem of wind energy utilization should be paid more attention to by the world. Although China's wind power installed capacity and wind power equipment manufacturing scale has developed rapidly in recent years, it has a certain degree of competitiveness in the world. However, in terms of wind power generation technology, especially the operation of wind farm connected to the system and the manufacture of wind power equipment, the gap between China and the world advanced level is still quite large. In recent years, foreign advanced technology has been introduced, still at the stage of digestion, understanding and absorption. The traditional variable speed constant frequency wind turbine, such as doubly-fed induction wind turbine, is unstable in frequency, high in mechanical failure rate, and the quality of electricity can not be guaranteed, which will pollute the power network. The wind turbine studied in this paper replaces the frequency conversion device by hydraulic mechanical speed regulating device, which can not only guarantee the variable speed operation of the wind turbine, but also connect directly with the synchronous generator, and provide the power grid with conventional thermal power. Electricity of the same quality for hydroelectric units. It is of great significance to the development and localization of high-power generation equipment. This paper mainly studies and analyzes the following aspects: (1) based on the theory of curved surface fitting, the mathematical model of adjustable hydraulic torque converter with guide vane is established to study the influence of order and weighting coefficient on fitting accuracy. By adjusting the order and the size of the weighting coefficient, the precision of fitting is improved. Based on the above theoretical analysis and fitting of the CFD calculation data of hydraulic torque converter, the binary cubic function of pump wheel and turbine torque about speed ratio and guide vane opening is obtained. The governing law of guide vane is analyzed. (2) the static mathematical model of wind power system provides a basis for analyzing the characteristics of hydraulic mechanical control system in wind power generation. The mathematical models of wind turbine, gearbox, synchronous generator and guide vane regulator are established. The wind power system is controlled by hydraulic servo position control system to adjust the guide vane opening. Using the model provided by AMESim software model base, the valve controlled hydraulic cylinder system is modeled and the parameters are reasonably set up. A more ideal response curve is obtained. (3) the dynamic simulation analysis of wind power system designs the corresponding control system according to the operating characteristics and control requirements of wind turbine. Using MATLAB\ Simulink to establish the system model and AMESim software to carry on the joint dynamic simulation to the hydromechanical control system of wind power generation. The dynamic response characteristics of the system under different wind speed changes are observed to verify the accuracy of the controller design and whether the controller can be constructed to achieve the control objectives.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM614;TP273

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