基于模糊自整定PID控制算法的毛细管流变仪的研究

发布时间：2018-10-19 09:18

【摘要】：近些年,聚合物等高分子原料的发展越来越迅速,已经在国防、化工、汽车制造甚至我们引以为傲的航天行业等众多领域都有了广泛的应用,因此加强聚合物高分子材料性能的掌握显得十分必要,流变仪恰恰是测量各种材料性能的工具,毛细管流变仪就是其中的一种。毛细管流变仪与很多物料加工期间的流动形式相似,既可以对材料粘度进行测量,还可以对弹性进行研究,所以说毛细管流变仪在整个市场有很广泛的应用。随着我国科学技术的不断成长,对毛细管流变仪的自动化程度和控制精度要求都在不断的提高,速度更快、灵敏度更高、稳定性更好、功能更强,这都是新时代对毛细管流变仪的技术要求。而温度作为影响毛细管流变仪精确度的重要因素,更是应该被重视起来,PID控制是目前在大多数温度控制中采用的温控方式,它的特点是结构简单容易理解,易于实现,且有能够消除稳态误差的功能,但是PID控制存在的缺陷不能够满足仪器对温度控制的要求,所以在此基础上,提出了一种更加智能的温度控制算法并结合毛细管流变仪进行了系统的研究。在总结了多种智能温度算法及整个仪器的工作过程后,提出了模糊自整定PID控制算法,这种算法对反应速度快、零超调、稳态误差小的要求基本能够满足。结合算法,对毛细管流变仪进行了设计,包括软件以及硬件部分的实现,硬件方面包括整体结构的构建,主控制电路器件选取,电路设计等,软件的设计采用Visual Basic6.0编程语言,实现包括实验操控,数据查询记录保存,以及串口通信等功能。最后在实验的基础上,对毛细管流变仪的功能性进行了验证,实现了对温度的准确控制,运行过程中对各种数据的采集,达到了预先理想的目标。
[Abstract]:In recent years, polymers and other polymeric materials have developed more and more rapidly, and have been widely used in many fields, such as national defense, chemical industry, automobile manufacturing, and even the aerospace industry, which we are proud of. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the performance of polymer materials. Rheometer is a tool to measure the properties of various materials, and capillary rheometer is one of them. Capillary rheometer is similar to the flow form during processing of many materials. It can not only measure the viscosity of materials, but also study elasticity, so capillary rheometer is widely used in the whole market. With the development of science and technology in our country, the automatic degree and control precision of capillary rheometer are constantly improved, the speed is faster, the sensitivity is higher, the stability is better, the function is stronger. These are the technical requirements of capillary rheometer in the new era. Temperature, as an important factor affecting the accuracy of capillary rheometer, should be paid more attention to. PID control is a kind of temperature control method used in most temperature control at present. Its characteristic is simple structure, easy to understand and easy to realize. And it has the function of eliminating the steady-state error, but the defects of PID control can not meet the requirements of the temperature control of the instrument, so on this basis, A more intelligent temperature control algorithm is proposed and a systematic study is carried out in combination with capillary rheometer. After summarizing various intelligent temperature algorithms and the working process of the whole instrument, a fuzzy self-tuning PID control algorithm is proposed, which can satisfy the requirements of fast response speed, zero overshoot and small steady-state error. Combined with the algorithm, the capillary rheometer is designed, including the realization of the software and the hardware, including the construction of the whole structure, the selection of the main control circuit device, the circuit design and so on. The software design adopts Visual Basic6.0 programming language. Implementation includes experimental control, data query and record keeping, and serial communication functions. Finally, the function of capillary rheometer is verified on the basis of experiments, and the accurate control of temperature is realized.
【学位授予单位】：长春大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TH873;TP273

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