变量施肥作业控制系统的研究与设计

发布时间：2018-11-03 15:19

【摘要】：自然资源给我们的生存供应了各种生产资料,保持资源的长期可持续发展对社会有很大意义。土地是一种重要的自然资源,它和我们的生活息息相关,为我们提供了居住的场所和食物的来源。土地资源作为一种不可替代的资源,是人类生存和发展的重要保障,但随着世界人口的膨胀,可耕地面积的减少,耕地资源日益紧张起来。因此,对耕地资源的保证,研究如何提高农作物产值,具有社会效益。精准农业是一项科学地、有针对地、合理地提高耕地单位面积农作物产值的研究课题。伴随信息技术的发展,信息化应用的高产能,高效率在生活的各方面受到人们广泛关注。社会对农业生产不断加大研究和投入,通过把信息技术应用到农业中,实现农作物播种,施肥,收割的自动化进行,精确化管理方式逐渐推广,精准农业的得到了确立。信息化发展推动了全球定位系统对民用的放开,其定位精度虽达不到军用的标准,但其精度可以适应农业生产应用的需要,其定位功能为农业的发展提供了良好的必要条件。实施精准农业在增加作业效率的同时,也符合增量、增效、节能绿色这些规模化科学种植的要求。变量施肥属于精准农业的一项研究课题,其运用推广可以提高耕作效率。我国幅员辽阔,在大多数农业耕作区域,化肥的播撒主要依靠人工播撒的方式,不仅作业速度低,没有充分利用生产资料,作业难度大,消耗大量人力成本,而且过量投入肥料影响土地肥力失衡,水土流失,影响农作物生长和质量等问题。精准农业中的变量施肥可以改善作业效率,对减少这些问题具有良好的辅助作用。本文首先对精准农业做了简要论述,对国内外的发展状况做了简要的介绍,在充分调研的基础上,提出了自已的变量施肥设计方案,并对其主要实现的功能和创新点所在做了详细介绍。在本文制作的变量施肥工作装置中,采用TMS320F28335为主要的处理器,利用GPS采集当前地理位置的经纬度,对照存储的决策数据获取该地块的作业信息。依照作业设备的实际作业量和拖拉机行进的速度成正比,控制器通过控制变速器变速比值可以达到调节实际作业量的目的。其功能可以概括为,根据拖拉机所在操作地块的位置,查找相对应的施肥决策信息,通过控制施肥轴的转速,实现变量施肥的效果。在文章的最后部分,对研究过程中遇到的问题进行了分析与思考。
[Abstract]:Natural resources supply all kinds of means of production to our survival, and it is of great significance to maintain the long-term sustainable development of resources. Land is an important natural resource, which is closely related to our life and provides us with a place to live and a source of food. As an irreplaceable resource, land resource is an important guarantee for human survival and development. However, with the expansion of world population and the decrease of arable land area, cultivated land resources become increasingly tight. Therefore, the guarantee of cultivated land resources, research on how to improve the output value of crops has social benefits. Precision agriculture is a scientific, targeted, and reasonable improvement of agricultural output per unit area of arable land. With the development of information technology, the high productivity and high efficiency of information application have been paid more and more attention in all aspects of life. Through the application of information technology to agriculture, the automation of crop seeding, fertilization and harvesting is realized, and the precise management method is gradually popularized, and the precision agriculture is established. The development of information technology has promoted the opening of GPS to civil use. Although its positioning accuracy can not reach the military standard, its precision can meet the needs of agricultural production and application, and its positioning function provides a good necessary condition for the development of agriculture. The implementation of precision agriculture not only increases the operational efficiency, but also meets the requirements of scientific planting such as increment, efficiency, energy saving and green. Variable rate fertilization is a research subject in precision agriculture, and its application and extension can improve tillage efficiency. Our country has a vast territory. In most agricultural farming areas, the distribution of chemical fertilizers mainly depends on artificial sowing. Not only is the speed of operation low, the means of production are not fully utilized, the operation is very difficult, and a large amount of manpower costs are consumed. Moreover, excessive fertilization affects the imbalance of soil fertility, soil erosion, crop growth and quality, and so on. Variable rate fertilization in precision agriculture can improve the efficiency of operation and can help to reduce these problems. In this paper, firstly, the precision agriculture is briefly discussed, and the development situation at home and abroad is briefly introduced. On the basis of full investigation, the design scheme of variable rate fertilization is put forward. The main functions and innovations are introduced in detail. In the variable-rate fertilization working device made in this paper, TMS320F28335 is used as the main processor, and GPS is used to collect the latitude and longitude of the current geographical position, and the job information of the plot is obtained by comparing the stored decision data. According to the fact that the actual operation quantity of the operation equipment is proportional to the speed of the tractor, the controller can adjust the actual operation quantity by controlling the variable speed ratio of the transmission. Its function can be summarized as following: according to the location of the tractor in the operating plot, the corresponding fertilization decision information can be found, and the effect of variable rate fertilization can be realized by controlling the rotation speed of the fertilizing shaft. In the last part of the article, the problems encountered in the research process are analyzed and considered.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP273

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