高精度力促动器控制系统的设计

发布时间：2018-11-18 16:18

【摘要】：望远镜是进行天文观测的重要工具,它的口径越大,集光能力则越强,分辨能力则越高。随着口径的增大,主镜受风力、温度、重力等因素影响,会产生一定的面形变化,对望远镜成像质量产生影响,因此对主镜面形进行实时控制十分有必要,通过校正风力、温度以及重力等因素对镜面产生的影响,来将成像质量提高。在大型地基望远镜中,通过控制主动光学系统中的力促动器能够实现主镜面形的实时控制。近年来,主动光学技术已经成为大型地基望远镜系统中的重要技术之一,它属于自动控制、精密机械、计算机和光学的交叉领域。它的原理是通过波前传感器对镜面的面形失真进行检测,并据此计算出要施加的校正力和它的坐标,然后将需要的校正力值经过总线传递给对应的力促动器,从而控制力促动器施加压力或拉力,实现主动调整支撑力,达到控制面形的目的。本文研究的主要内容是力促动器控制系统的软硬件设计。论文主要分为4个部分:第一部分先对力促动器的工作原理和机械结构进行了介绍,并在这个基础上进行了力促动器控制系统方案设计,给出了系统预期可以达到的指标参数。第二部分对控制系统需要的部分硬件电路进行了设计,包括系统电源电路、力信号采集电路、电机驱动电路以及力促动器控制电路,搭建了系统实验平台。第三部分先对闭环控制策略在力促动器控制系统的优缺点进行了分析,完成了带死区的变速积分PID控制器的设计。然后,对力促动器控制系统软件设计方法进行了介绍,并完成了详细的程序流程图设计。第四部分对力促动器控制系统完成了性能测试,并进行了实验结果分析,包括力促动器控制实验、力采集电路转换精度测试和标定、力促动器性能测试。从实验结果可以看出,系统可以按照预期方式进行工作,可以达到主镜面形校正力的精度要求,并且拥有较好的响应性能,具备一定程度的工程实用价值。
[Abstract]:Telescope is an important tool for astronomical observation. The larger the aperture, the stronger the ability of collecting light and the higher the resolution. With the increase of aperture, the primary mirror will be affected by wind, temperature, gravity and other factors, which will produce certain changes in plane shape, which will affect the imaging quality of the telescope. Therefore, it is necessary to control the main mirror shape in real time. Factors such as temperature and gravity influence the mirror surface to improve the imaging quality. In large ground-based telescopes, the real time control of the main mirror can be realized by controlling the force actuators in the active optical system. In recent years, active optics has become one of the most important technologies in large ground-based telescope systems. It belongs to the intersection fields of automatic control, precision machinery, computer and optics. Its principle is to detect the surface distortion of the mirror through the wavefront sensor, and calculate the correction force and its coordinates based on it, and then pass the required correction force value to the corresponding force actuator through the bus. Thus, the force actuator exerts pressure or tension to realize the active adjustment of the supporting force and achieve the purpose of controlling the shape of the plane. The main content of this paper is the hardware and software design of the force actuator control system. The paper is divided into four parts: in the first part, the working principle and mechanical structure of the force actuator are introduced, and the control system scheme of the force actuator is designed, and the expected parameters of the system are given. In the second part, the hardware circuit of the control system is designed, including the system power circuit, the force signal acquisition circuit, the motor driving circuit and the force actuator control circuit, and the system experimental platform is built. In the third part, the advantages and disadvantages of the closed-loop control strategy in the force actuator control system are analyzed, and the design of the variable speed integral PID controller with dead-time is completed. Then, the software design method of force actuator control system is introduced, and the detailed program flow chart is completed. In the fourth part, the performance test of the force actuator control system is completed, and the experimental results are analyzed, including the force actuator control experiment, the force acquisition circuit conversion precision test and calibration, and the force actuator performance test. It can be seen from the experimental results that the system can work according to the expected mode, can meet the precision requirements of the correction force of the main mirror shape, and has better response performance and engineering practical value to a certain extent.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TP273

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