基于6LoWPAN的森林火灾监测系统研究

发布时间：2018-11-19 07:19

【摘要】：森林是人类赖以生存的自然资源之一,由于自然或人为因素引发的森林火灾逐年增加,火灾不但毁坏森林资源、造成经济损失,而且加剧环境污染。森林资源具有重要的生态价值、社会价值和经济价值。因此,利用现代信息技术,有效地获取森林环境状态信息,对森林火险进行预测和防护是非常有必要的。为了实现对森林环境状态信息的实时监测和处理,本文利用无线传感器网络技术和计算机技术,设计了一种森林火灾监测系统。主要工作内容如下:(1)基于改进DV-Hop算法的监测节点定位方法研究。为了准确预测林火发生的位置,针对传统DV-Hop算法定位精度低的不足,分析了该算法产生误差的原因,通过引入RSSI(Received Signal Strength Indication)测距技术对跳数修正,坐标定位阶段采用极大似然估计与加权质心相结合的改进措施,提高了定位精度。(2)基于D-S证据理论的火险等级评价方法研究。将基于D-S证据理论的多传感器信息融合技术引入到森林火险预警等级评价中,根据各气象因素的影响构造出相应的模糊集合,再将隶属度转化为mass函数,用D-S证据理论对多气象因素融合,得到比较可靠的森林火险预警等级评价。(3)基于6LoWPAN无线网络的森林火灾监测系统设计。监测系统包括现场监测网络与监测中心两大部分。鉴于监测现场的特殊环境,确定了由数据采集节点和边界路由节点组成的监测网络,数据采集节点完成数据的采集、处理和上传,边界路由节点管理无线传感器网络内所有节点,将数据向监测中心发送。利用C#语言设计的监测中心软件能够实现对监测数据处理、存储、显示和查询,并发布预警信息。对系统首先进行分模块测试,分别验证了数据采集、传输和处理等各部分功能;然后对样机进行了整体运行测试。结果表明,系统运行良好,功能上满足了设计要求。
[Abstract]:Forest is one of the natural resources on which human beings depend for survival. Forest fires caused by natural or man-made factors increase year by year. Fire not only destroys forest resources, causes economic losses, but also intensifies environmental pollution. Forest resources have important ecological value, social value and economic value. Therefore, it is necessary to use modern information technology to effectively obtain forest environmental state information and forecast and protect forest fire risk. In order to realize the real-time monitoring and processing of forest environmental state information, a forest fire monitoring system is designed by using wireless sensor network technology and computer technology. The main work is as follows: (1) Research on monitoring node location based on improved DV-Hop algorithm. In order to accurately predict the location of forest fire, aiming at the low accuracy of traditional DV-Hop algorithm, this paper analyzes the reasons for the error of this algorithm, and modifies the hops by introducing RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) ranging technology. In the coordinate positioning stage, the maximum likelihood estimation and the weighted centroid are combined to improve the positioning accuracy. (2) the evaluation method of fire risk grade based on D-S evidence theory is studied. The multi-sensor information fusion technology based on D-S evidence theory is introduced into forest fire danger warning grade evaluation. According to the influence of various meteorological factors, the corresponding fuzzy set is constructed, and then the membership degree is transformed into mass function. D-S evidence theory is used to fuse multiple meteorological factors to obtain a more reliable forest fire risk early warning grade evaluation. (3) the design of forest fire monitoring system based on 6LoWPAN wireless network. The monitoring system includes two parts: field monitoring network and monitoring center. In view of the special environment of the monitoring site, the monitoring network composed of data acquisition nodes and border routing nodes is determined. The data acquisition nodes complete the data collection, processing and uploading. The boundary routing node manages all nodes in the wireless sensor network and sends the data to the monitoring center. The monitoring center software designed by C # language can process, store, display and query the monitoring data, and issue early warning information. The function of data acquisition, transmission and processing are verified by module testing, and then the whole operation test of the prototype is carried out. The results show that the system runs well and meets the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S762.32;TP274

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