反射式强度调制型光纤微位移及角位移传感器研究

发布时间：2019-02-22 16:09

【摘要】：光纤诞生以来,光纤传感技术以及各类光纤传感器件迅速发展。反射式强度调制型光纤传感器是光纤传感器家族中重要组成部分,可用于不同场合、针对不同待测参量、能满足不同测量需求的新型反射式强度调制型光纤传感器的研制持续受到研究人员的关注;其次,位移及角位移作为测量学中的基本参量,在科学研究及生产实践中需要进行快速、高精度、自动化的测量,并且还需要满足防潮、防爆、无源、低噪声和保密性等技术要求,因此,研制新型光纤位移和角位移传感器对于测量学发展和现代工业技术的进步具有重要意义。本文从理论和实验两方面研究了一种基于反射式光强调制型物体位移和角位移测量光纤传感器。首先对传感器的测量原理和基本结构进行设计与分析,推导位移和角位移传感调制的特性函数;其次,根据所得特性函数及具体参数对理论传感曲线进行模拟和仿真;分析各参数对传感性能的影响,指导此类传感器的设计思想与技术路径;然后,通过实验对所设计的光纤微位移和角位移传感器的传感性能、重复性、迟滞性等进行测量和验证,并将实验结果与模拟和仿真的理论结果相比较,证实了其一致性;最后,阐述一种光纤探头结构的特殊设计来实现探测光强度补偿的方法,通过理论分析可知该探头结构在补偿光强度漂移、提高传感器稳定性的同时还可改善其传感性能。本文在以下方面获得了一些有价值的结果,验证了所设计的光纤位移和角位移传感器在理论和实验上的有效性,具有一定的创新意义。1、在位移传感的实验研究中,得到实际传感曲线的形状为一个左右不对称钟形曲线,左边为前坡,右边为后坡,曲线前坡与后坡都能够作为位移传感曲线使用;通过对前、后坡曲线分别进行线性拟合,在耦合系数为99%的条件下,得到前坡和后坡光纤位移传感器的量程分别为1.05mm和1.60mm,其传感区间分别是0.10-1.15mm和1.30-2.90mm,后坡位移传感量程为前坡的1.5倍;前坡和后坡位移传感灵敏度分别为(105.92%×Pmax)mW/mm和(27.51%×Pmax)mW/mm,其中Pmax为传感曲线最大功率值,前坡传感灵敏度为后坡的3.85倍。2、在角位移传感的实验研究中,得到关于峰值位置(角位移为0处)对称的两个具有很好线性度的正、负角度传感区间;并发现反射镜到光纤端面之间不同的距离对应于不同的角位移传感曲线,在0角位移时,角位移传感曲线峰值的大小随反射镜与光纤端面间距增大而先增加后减小。但在传感曲线峰值达到最大值之前,间距的增大并不改变角位移传感器的线性传感区间,仅对其灵敏度产生影响,实验表明该光纤角位移传感器的最大灵敏度为13.71%/deg,线性传感区间为[-7.20°,7.20°]。本文所述的反射式强度调制型光纤传感器不仅可用于微位移或角位移的直接测量,还可与其他装置组合构成测量其它参量的传感器,如速度计、加速度计、角加速度计和流量计等,具有广泛的应用前景和产业化价值。
[Abstract]:Since the birth of the optical fiber, the fiber-optic sensing technology and various fiber-optic sensor devices have developed rapidly. The reflective intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor is an important component in the fiber sensor family, and can be used for different occasions, and the development of a novel reflective intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor which can meet different measurement requirements can be used for different occasions, and the development of the novel reflective intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor can be continuously subject to the attention of the researchers; and secondly, the displacement and the angular displacement are taken as the basic parameters in the measurement, and the rapid, high-precision and automatic measurement needs to be carried out in scientific research and production practice, and the technical requirements of moisture-proof, explosion-proof, no-source, low-noise and confidentiality are also needed, The development of new type of optical fiber displacement and angular displacement sensor is of great significance for the development of surveying and the progress of modern industrial technology. In this paper, a kind of optical fiber sensor based on reflection type light intensity modulation type object displacement and angular displacement is studied from the aspects of theory and experiment. The measuring principle and the basic structure of the sensor are firstly designed and analyzed, and the characteristic functions of displacement and angular displacement sensing modulation are derived; secondly, the theoretical sensing curve is simulated and simulated according to the obtained characteristic function and the specific parameters; and the influence of each parameter on the sensing performance is analyzed, the design idea and the technical path of such sensors are guided; then, the sensor performance, the repeatability, the hysteresis and the like of the designed optical fiber micro-displacement and the angular displacement sensor are measured and verified by the experiment, and the experimental results are compared with the theoretical results of the simulation and the simulation, The consistency of the probe is confirmed. Finally, a special design of the structure of the optical fiber probe is introduced to realize the method of detecting the light intensity. In this paper, some valuable results are obtained, and the theoretical and experimental results of the designed optical fiber displacement and angular displacement sensor are verified. the shape of the actual sensing curve is a left-right asymmetric clock-shaped curve, the left side is the front slope, the right side is the back slope, the front slope and the back slope of the curve can be used as a displacement sensing curve, The measuring range of the front and back slope fiber displacement sensors is 1. 05mm and 1. 60mm, respectively. The sensing interval is 0. 10-1. 15 mm and 1. 30-2.90mm, respectively. The displacement sensing range of the rear slope is 1. 5 times of the front slope, and the displacement sensing sensitivity of the front and back slope is (105.92%, Pmax) mW/ mm and (2.51%, Pmax) mW/ mm, respectively. Pmax is the maximum power value of the sensing curve, the sensitivity of the front slope is 3.85 times of the rear slope, and two positive and negative angle sensing sections with good linearity are obtained in the experimental study of angular displacement sensing. and finding that the distance between the reflecting mirror and the end surface of the optical fiber corresponds to different angular displacement sensing curves, and when the angular displacement is zero, the magnitude of the peak value of the angular displacement sensing curve increases as the distance between the reflecting mirror and the end surface of the optical fiber is increased, and then is reduced. but before the peak of the sensing curve reaches the maximum value, the increase of the distance does not change the linear sensing interval of the angular displacement sensor, and only the sensitivity is affected, and the experiment shows that the maximum sensitivity of the optical fiber angular displacement sensor is 13.71%/ deg. and the linear sensing interval is[-7.20 掳, 7.20 掳]. the reflective intensity modulation type optical fiber sensor is not only used for direct measurement of micro-displacement or angular displacement, but also can be combined with other devices to form a sensor for measuring other parameters, such as a speedometer, an accelerometer, an angular acceleration meter, a flow meter and the like, and has wide application prospect and industrial value.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212

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