高精度弹性针布磨针机控制系统的研究与实现

发布时间：2019-03-06 19:53

【摘要】：弹性针布是一种用于纺织梳理机上梳理棉、麻、毛、化纤等纤维的关键器材。我国的弹性针布的生产工艺与精密加工技术近十年发展飞快,但与国外相比仍有一定差距。磨针机是制造弹性针布的主要设备,它将前道植针工序的半成品弹性针布磨砺成各种规格统一顶部锋利的弹性针布。在磨针工序中,弹性针布从料辊轴放料给锡林滚筒,经过平磨、侧磨磨针成型,最后再进行针布测量和收料。因此,弹性针布的加工质量和生产效率取决于生产工艺和设备精度。而磨针成型的加工精度决定产品的质量等级。本课题的研究目的是利用高精度位置控制技术改造传统磨针机,以改善产品质量和提高生产效率。传统弹性针布磨针机在磨针过程中,磨头和弹性针布磨砺距离的调节依靠人工手动完成,产品质量严重受到工人操作水平的影响,针布磨砺精度低,导致产品合格率和生产效率下降。另外,磨针机锡林主轴由大功率三相异步电机驱动,导轨轴、料辊轴与锡林主轴通过复杂的齿轮组合硬耦合连接,当改变弹性针布型号时,需重新调试相应的机械参数,导致传统弹性针布磨针机的机械结构适应性和灵活性均较差。为了解决传统磨针机结构复杂、制造精度低、生产效率差的缺点,本文在系统分析弹性针布磨针机控制系统的基础上,研究基于高精度伺服技术的磨头位置控制系统,建立了伺服系统位置控制模型,实现对弹性针布磨砺的精确控制。此外,改进后的磨针机采用锡林轴、料辊轴以及导轨轴独立驱动方式,由PLC、变频器以及交流电机作为独立驱动系统,从根本上改进了传统的机械硬耦合连接,实现了机械传动部分的解耦和加工参数的柔性调整。分析弹性针布放料、磨头定位的工作原理,完成电气系统的软件和硬件设计。最后,根据针布生产工艺要求,完成高精度弹性针布磨针机控制系统的调试与测试。实际运行结果表明:改进型磨针机的最高速度由原来42m/h提高至55m/h,能满足加工各种规格弹性针布,并具有控制精度高、磨针成型质量等级高、适应性强、运行稳定、操作简单等优点。
[Abstract]:Elastic needle cloth is a kind of key equipment for carding cotton, hemp, wool, chemical fiber and so on textile carding machine. The production technology and precision machining technology of elastic needle cloth in our country have developed rapidly in recent ten years, but there is still a certain gap compared with foreign countries. The grinding machine is the main equipment for manufacturing elastic needle cloth. It sharpens the semi-finished elastic needle cloth in front of the needle planting process into a uniform top sharp elastic needle cloth of various specifications. In the grinding process, the elastic needle cloth is fed to the Xilin drum from the roller shaft. After flat grinding and side grinding, the needle cloth is measured and collected. Therefore, the processing quality and production efficiency of elastic needle cloth depend on the precision of production technology and equipment. The precision of grinding needle molding determines the quality grade of the product. The purpose of this paper is to improve the product quality and production efficiency by using the high-precision position control technology to reform the traditional grinding machine. During the grinding process of traditional elastic needle cloth grinding machine, the adjustment of grinding head and the grinding distance of elastic needle cloth depends on manual hand. The quality of the product is seriously affected by the working level of workers, and the precision of grinding needle cloth is low. Causes the product qualified rate and the production efficiency decline. In addition, the Xilin spindle of the needle grinder is driven by a high-power three-phase asynchronous motor, the rail shaft, the material roller shaft and the Xilin spindle are hard-coupled by complex gear combination. When the elastic needle cloth model is changed, the corresponding mechanical parameters need to be re-adjusted. The mechanical structure adaptability and flexibility of the traditional elastic needle cloth grinding machine are poor. In order to solve the disadvantages of traditional grinding machine, such as complex structure, low manufacturing precision and poor production efficiency, based on the systematic analysis of the control system of elastic needle cloth grinding machine, the position control system of grinding head based on high precision servo technology is studied in this paper. The position control model of servo system is established, and the precise control of elastic needle cloth grinding is realized. In addition, the improved needle grinder adopts the independent drive mode of Xilin shaft, material roller shaft and guide rail shaft, and uses PLC, frequency converter and AC motor as independent drive system, which fundamentally improves the traditional mechanical hard coupling connection. The decoupling of mechanical transmission part and flexible adjustment of machining parameters are realized. This paper analyzes the working principle of elastic needle cloth feeding and grinding head positioning, and completes the software and hardware design of the electrical system. Finally, according to the technological requirements of needle cloth production, the debugging and testing of the control system of high precision elastic needle cloth grinding machine are completed. The actual operation results show that the maximum speed of the improved needle grinding machine is increased from the original 42m/h to 55 mhm / h, which can meet the requirements of processing elastic needle cloth of various specifications, and has high control precision, high quality grade of grinding needle forming, strong adaptability and stable operation, and has the advantages of high control precision, high quality grade, strong adaptability and stable operation. Simple operation and other advantages.
【学位授予单位】：江南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TS103.82;TP273

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