静电传感器设计及微弱信号检测方法研究
发布时间：2019-04-18 19:14
【摘要】：气固两相流技术已广泛应用于工业生产中,对其流动参数检测是现代工业急需解决的问题。目前,气固两相流测量方法中静电法得到了迅速的发展。静电法是基于静电感应原理,利用静电传感器对气固两相流的速度、细度等参数进行测量。静电传感器具有结构简单、安装方便、成本低廉、灵敏度高等特点,未来有很大发展潜力。本文利用静电感应原理,设计出两种不同类型的静电传感器:插入式静电传感器和感应式静电传感器。通过研究静电传感器性能特性,分析影响静电传感器测量精度的因素和两类静电传感器的优缺点,并对静电传感器进行实验验证。主要工作内容包括:(1)分析火电厂气固两相流模型,利用PVC管道、漏斗、开关阀门、阀栅、铁架、铜膜等器材在实验室自主搭建实验平台,以验证静电传感器的性能。(2)根据静电感应原理,对插入式静电传感器和感应式静电传感器数学模型进行分析。同时对两种静电传感器的材料选型和结构设计进行试验分析,并比较两类静电传感器优缺点。(3)设计静电信号处理电路,电路主要包括模拟电路和数字电路。模拟电路使用双运算放大器LM358完成电荷电压转换、前级放大、滤波及信号极性调整等,采用PGA202和PGA203完成信号的二级放大。数字电路包括信号采集、存储、显示等。通过实验验证该静电信号处理电路具有较高的信噪比和较强的抗干扰能力。(4)利用傅里叶变换法对微弱信号进行频率检测,并利用MATLAB进行仿真,对测量频率进行误差分析。(5)基于实验室自主搭建的实验平台对两类静电传感器进行测量验证,检验两类静电传感器测量的准确性、实时性、重复性,以及传感器在实际应用中的抗干扰能力,并根据实验数据分析两类传感器的测量误差和优缺点。
[Abstract]:Gas-solid two-phase flow technology has been widely used in industrial production, the detection of its flow parameters is an urgent problem to be solved in modern industry. At present, electrostatic method has been developed rapidly in gas-solid two-phase flow measurement. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, electrostatic sensor is used to measure the velocity and fineness of gas-solid two-phase flow. Electrostatic sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation, low cost and high sensitivity, so it has great development potential in the future. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, two kinds of electrostatic sensors are designed: plug-in electrostatic sensor and inductive electrostatic sensor. By studying the performance characteristics of electrostatic sensors, the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of electrostatic sensors and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed, and the electrostatic sensors are verified by experiments. The main contents are as follows: (1) analyzing the gas-solid two-phase flow model of thermal power plant, using PVC pipe, funnel, switch valve, valve grid, iron frame, copper film and other equipment to build the experimental platform in the laboratory. In order to verify the performance of electrostatic sensors. (2) according to the principle of electrostatic induction, the mathematical models of plug-in electrostatic sensors and inductive electrostatic sensors are analyzed. At the same time, the material selection and structure design of two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are compared. (3) Electrostatic signal processing circuit is designed, which mainly includes analog circuit and digital circuit. The analog circuit uses double operational amplifier LM358 to complete charge-voltage conversion, pre-amplification, filtering and signal polarity adjustment, etc., and uses PGA202 and PGA203 to complete the second-stage amplification of the signal. Digital circuit includes signal acquisition, storage, display and so on. The experimental results show that the electrostatic signal processing circuit has high signal-to-noise ratio and strong anti-jamming ability. (4) Fourier transform method is used to detect the weak signal frequency, and MATLAB is used to simulate the circuit. The error analysis of the measurement frequency is carried out. (5) the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are measured and verified based on the experimental platform built by themselves in the laboratory, and the accuracy, real-time and repeatability of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested. And the anti-jamming ability of the sensors in practical application, and the measurement errors, advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed according to the experimental data.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212
本文编号：2460269
[Abstract]:Gas-solid two-phase flow technology has been widely used in industrial production, the detection of its flow parameters is an urgent problem to be solved in modern industry. At present, electrostatic method has been developed rapidly in gas-solid two-phase flow measurement. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, electrostatic sensor is used to measure the velocity and fineness of gas-solid two-phase flow. Electrostatic sensor has the characteristics of simple structure, convenient installation, low cost and high sensitivity, so it has great development potential in the future. Based on the principle of electrostatic induction, two kinds of electrostatic sensors are designed: plug-in electrostatic sensor and inductive electrostatic sensor. By studying the performance characteristics of electrostatic sensors, the factors affecting the measurement accuracy of electrostatic sensors and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed, and the electrostatic sensors are verified by experiments. The main contents are as follows: (1) analyzing the gas-solid two-phase flow model of thermal power plant, using PVC pipe, funnel, switch valve, valve grid, iron frame, copper film and other equipment to build the experimental platform in the laboratory. In order to verify the performance of electrostatic sensors. (2) according to the principle of electrostatic induction, the mathematical models of plug-in electrostatic sensors and inductive electrostatic sensors are analyzed. At the same time, the material selection and structure design of two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested and analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are compared. (3) Electrostatic signal processing circuit is designed, which mainly includes analog circuit and digital circuit. The analog circuit uses double operational amplifier LM358 to complete charge-voltage conversion, pre-amplification, filtering and signal polarity adjustment, etc., and uses PGA202 and PGA203 to complete the second-stage amplification of the signal. Digital circuit includes signal acquisition, storage, display and so on. The experimental results show that the electrostatic signal processing circuit has high signal-to-noise ratio and strong anti-jamming ability. (4) Fourier transform method is used to detect the weak signal frequency, and MATLAB is used to simulate the circuit. The error analysis of the measurement frequency is carried out. (5) the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are measured and verified based on the experimental platform built by themselves in the laboratory, and the accuracy, real-time and repeatability of the two kinds of electrostatic sensors are tested. And the anti-jamming ability of the sensors in practical application, and the measurement errors, advantages and disadvantages of the two kinds of sensors are analyzed according to the experimental data.
【学位授予单位】：西安理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP212
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