胎儿脊柱脊髓形态发育的影像学检测方法及表现

发布时间：2018-02-28 05:07

本文关键词： 胎儿脊柱脊髓组织工程骨科植入物脊柱植入物形态发育影像学检测国家自然科学基金　出处：《中国组织工程研究》2017年23期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：背景:胎儿先天畸形是围生期胎儿死亡的重要原因,其中神经管畸形在产前畸形筛查中较为常见。近年来随着环境的恶化和高龄产妇数量的增多,神经管畸形患者的数量在不断增加,带来了严重社会和家庭的经济负担。因此越来越多的产科医生通过现代影像学检查方法为产前筛查神经管畸形提供理论依据。目的:借助影像学手段对胎儿脊柱脊髓形态发育的相关研究进行系统阐述,从而为产前畸形筛查的诊断提供参考价值。方法:应用计算机检索1959至2017年中国知网、万方、维普、CBM、以及Pubmed数据库关于胎儿脊柱脊髓发育的文献报道,对其不同的影像学观测研究进行归纳综述。结果与结论:(1)X射线和CT:由于对孕妇及胎儿均有辐射损害,仅用于对胎尸脊柱骨化中心及生长发育与胎龄关系的研究,X射线早已弃用,CT目前还未见有对活体的报道;(2)超声:具有操作简单,对孕妇及胎儿无创,是目前首选的检查方法;(3)MRI:已成为超声重要的补充手段,为胎儿脊髓发育产前评估及相关疾病诊断提供影像学依据;(4)为了更好的成像,针对不同的组织结构选用不同的检测方法,同时也要考虑辐射对胎儿造成的影响。
[Abstract]:Background: fetal congenital malformation is an important cause of perinatal fetal death, in which neural tube malformation is more common in prenatal screening. The number of patients with neural tube malformations is increasing. Therefore, more and more obstetricians provide theoretical basis for prenatal screening of neural tube malformation by modern imaging methods. Objective: to provide theoretical basis for prenatal screening of fetal spinal column by means of imaging. Related studies on spinal cord morphological development were systematically reviewed. Methods: from 1959 to 2017, a computer search was carried out to search the literature on fetal spinal and spinal cord development in China, Wan-fang, Viprum, and Pubmed database, so as to provide a reference for the diagnosis of prenatal malformation. Results and conclusions: because of radiation damage to pregnant women and fetuses, Only for the study of the ossification center of fetal cadaveric spine and the relationship between growth and development and gestational age. X-ray scan has not been reported in vivo at present. It is simple to operate and noninvasive to pregnant women and fetuses. It has become an important supplementary means of ultrasound, which provides imaging basis for prenatal evaluation of fetal spinal cord development and diagnosis of related diseases. In order to better imaging, different detection methods are selected for different tissue structures. Also consider the effects of radiation on the fetus.
【作者单位】：内蒙古医科大学基础医学院解剖学教研室;内蒙古医科大学基础医学院数字医学中心;内蒙古自治区中医医院麻醉科;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金(81560348,81660358)~~
【分类号】：R445.1;R714.5

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