大同矿区急诊病人疾病谱的调查分析

发布时间：2018-05-02 08:51

本文选题：大同矿区 + 急诊病人　；参考：《山西医科大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:分析大同矿区急诊病人疾病谱特征,为急诊科物资准备、设备及人员管理及矿区人员组织管理提供依据。方法:选取2013年至2015年3年间急诊就诊、处置,转归登记的全部资料57467份,进行统计分析,内容包括:年龄、性别、疾病类型、疾病的原因、疾病构成、就诊时间及与年龄的相关性,将数据输入到计算机中,采用SPSS18.0对数据进行统计学处理,分析大同矿区急诊患者疾病病谱的变化情况。结果:3年期间共收治急诊病人57467例。其中,2013年共诊治17413例,占30.30%,2014年共诊治18551例,占32.28%,2015年共诊治21503例,占37.40%;男性41290例,占71.85%;女性16177例,占28.15%。急诊患者分布于各个年龄段,除76-80岁年龄组,其它各年龄组男性患者均多于女性患者;从发病年龄来看:16-60岁年龄段急诊患者较多,占81.96%;57467例急诊患者中,煤矿工人有20935例,其中男性18516例,占88.45%,女性2419例,占11.55%。57467例急诊患者中,排在前三位的疾病分别为:呼吸系统疾病、创伤性疾病和神经系统疾病,分别占:26.54%、17.36%和16.49%;其中有9976例外伤患者,排前三位的外伤类型为车祸外伤、井下工作伤和打架斗殴伤,分别占;46.20%、32.23%和14.04%。急诊的20935例煤矿工人中有3215例为外伤患者,外伤部位数排在前三位的分别为:四肢、颅脑外伤及颌面部以及胸部,分别占:34.56%、31.57%及19.04%。急诊患者就诊时间段主要集中在18-22时,其中,18-20时9992例,占17.39%;20-22时8390例,占14.60%。呼吸系统疾病发病主要集中在41-60岁,神经系统疾病发病主要在46-60岁,创伤性疾病发病主要在26-50岁,不同疾病发病年龄段差异具有统计学意义(χ2=9620.62,P0.001)。结论:(1)大同矿区急诊病人发病年龄主要集中在16-60岁,且疾病主要以呼吸系统疾病、创伤性疾病和神经系统疾病为主。呼吸系统及神经系统疾病发病年龄集中在40-60岁,年龄越大,发病率越高。患者就诊集中在18-22时。(2)应根据急诊患者的疾病谱确定急诊科技术建设的重点和人才培养方向,提高急诊患者诊治水平,并且在疾病高峰来到之前做好相应的抢救准备,降低临床病死率和致残率,提高抢救成功率。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the characteristics of the disease spectrum of emergency patients in Datong mining area, and to provide the basis for the preparation of materials, equipment and personnel management in emergency department and the organization and management of personnel in mining area. Methods: from 2013 to 2015, 57467 data of emergency treatment, treatment and registration were collected and analyzed, including age, sex, type of disease, cause of disease, constitution of disease, and so on. The time of seeing a doctor and its correlation with age were input into the computer and the data were processed statistically by SPSS18.0 to analyze the change of disease spectrum of emergency patients in Datong mining area. Results: 57467 emergency patients were treated in 3 years. Among them, 17413 cases (30.30%) were diagnosed and treated in 2013, 18551 cases (32.28%) were diagnosed and treated in 2014, 21503 cases (37.40%) were diagnosed and treated in 2015, 41290 cases were males (71.85%) and 16177 cases were females (28.15%). Emergency patients were distributed in all age groups, except for the 76-80 age group, male patients were more than female patients in all age groups. From the age of onset, there were more emergency patients aged 16 to 60, accounting for 81.96% of 57467 emergency patients, of which 20935 were coal miners. Among them, 18516 males (88.45%) and 2419 females (11.55.57467 cases) were the first three diseases in the emergency department: respiratory diseases, traumatic diseases and nervous system diseases, accounting for 17.36% and 16.49%, respectively, of which 9976 patients were injured. The first three types of injuries were traffic accidents, underground work injuries and fighting injuries, which accounted for 32.23% and 14.04%, respectively. Of the 20935 coal miners in the emergency department, 3215 were trauma patients, and the first three trauma sites were: limbs, craniocerebral trauma, maxillofacial region and chest, accounting for 31.57% and 19.04% respectively. The time period of emergency treatment was mainly 18-22 hours, of which 9992 cases were at 18-20 hours, accounting for 17.3939 / 22 (8390 cases), accounting for 14.60% (P < 0.05). Respiratory diseases mainly occurred in 41-60 years old, nervous system diseases mainly occurred in 46-60 years old, traumatic diseases mainly occurred in 26-50 years old. Conclusion the age of emergency patients in Datong mining area is mainly 16-60 years old, and the main diseases are respiratory diseases, traumatic diseases and nervous system diseases. The onset age of respiratory and nervous system diseases is 40-60 years old. The older the disease is, the higher the incidence is. According to the disease spectrum of emergency patients, we should determine the key points of the construction of emergency department technology and the direction of personnel training, improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of emergency patients, and make corresponding rescue preparations before the peak of the disease. Reduce the clinical mortality and disability rate, improve the success rate of rescue.
【学位授予单位】：山西医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R459.7

【参考文献】