围绝经期女性心理困扰与围绝经期症状、心理弹性及社会支持的关系

发布时间：2018-07-15 20:41

【摘要】：目的：调查济南市3个区围绝经期女性的心理困扰状况；研究围绝经期症状、心理弹性及社会支持与围绝经期心理困扰的关系；进一步探讨围绝经期症状与心理弹性、社会支持的交互作用对围绝经期女性心理困扰影响,为提高该群体的心理健康水平提供理论依据。方法：2014年3月至2015年3月,采用方便抽样法选取676名围绝经期女性进行问卷调查。采用一般资料问卷、凯勒斯心理困扰量表(10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10)、绝经期评定量表(Menopause Rating Scale, MRS)、弹性量表简化版(10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, CD-RISC10)以及领悟社会支持量表(Perceived Social Support Scale, PSSS)分别测量研究对象的一般人口学信息及月经相关情况、心理困扰、围绝经期症状、心理弹性及社会支持水平。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件对数据进行录入和分析,统计分析主要包括：描述性分析、单因素分析、Binary logistic回归分析、分层回归分析。结果：1.围绝经期女性心理困扰、围绝经期症状、心理弹性与社会支持的得分情况围绝经期女性心理困扰的得分范围为10-40,平均得分(20.44±5.78)。按照K1022分的划界标准,其中有41.3%的围绝经期女性报告了中重度的心理困扰；围绝经期症状的得分范围为0-28,平均得分(10.06±5.80),其中各分维度得分由高到低依次为：心理症状(4.07±2.66)、躯体症状(4.07±2.47)、泌尿生殖道症状(1.92±1.93)；心理弹性的得分范围为1-40,平均得分(25.05±7.32)；社会支持的得分范围为23～84,平均得分(59.05±12.07)。2.围绝经期女性心理困扰差异的单因素分析将围绝经期女性划分为无心理困扰组(K1022分)与心理困扰组(K10≥22分)后进行单因素分析。结果显示,心理困扰组在无日常锻炼、患有慢性病、初潮年龄(≥16岁)与月经量减少上女性所占比例高于无心理困扰组(χ2=25.65,χ2=15.12,,=7.75与χ2=17.06,均P0.05)；两组在围绝经期症状、心理弹性及社会支持得分上存在显著差异,心理困扰组在围绝经期症状得分上高于无心理困扰组(t-15.17,P0.001),而在心理弹性与社会支持得分上低于无心理困扰组(t=8.66与t=8.92,均P0.001)。3.围绝经期女性心理困扰影响因素的Logistic回归分析以有无心理困扰作为因变量,以单因素分析中所有P0.05的变量为自变量进行Logistic回归分析。结果显示,围绝经期症状中的躯体症状、心理症状及泌尿生殖道症状与围绝经期心理困扰正相关,是其危险性因素(odds ratio(OR)=1.159,OR=1.425与OR=1.181,均P0.001)；心理弹性、社会支持与其心理困扰负相关,是其保护性因素(OR=0.965与OR=0.924,均P0.05)。4.围绝经期症状与心理弹性、社会支持的交互效应分析采用分层回归分析方法,分别检验围绝经期症状×心理弹性、围绝经期症状×社会支持的交互效应。结果显示,围绝经期症状与心理弹性对围绝经期心理困扰有显著交互作用(户-0.071,P0.05),方差净解释量达1%,而围绝经期症状与社会支持对心理困扰无交互作用(户-0.025,P0.05)。结论：1.围绝经期女性存在较高的心理困扰水平,其发生率为41.3%。2.日常运动、慢性病、初潮年龄及月经量与围绝经期心理困扰有关。3.围绝经期症状是围绝经期女性心理困扰发生的危险因素,社会支持、心理弹性是其心理困扰发生的保护因素。心理弹性缓冲了围绝经期症状对围绝经期心理困扰的不良影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the psychological distress of perimenopausal women in 3 districts of Ji'nan, and to study the relationship between perimenopausal symptoms, mental resilience and social support and perimenopausal psychological distress, and further explore the effects of perimenopausal symptoms, psychological elasticity and social support on the psychological distress of women in the perimenopausal period, in order to improve the group. The psychological health level was provided with theoretical basis. Methods: from March 2014 to March 2015, 676 perimenopausal women were selected by the convenient sampling method. The general data questionnaire (10-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale, K10), and the menopause Assessment Scale (Menopause Rating Scale, MRS) were used. The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10) and the perceived social support scale (Perceived Social Support Scale, PSSS) measured the general demographic information and menstrual related information, psychological distress, peri menopause symptoms, psychosoelasticity and social support levels, using SPSS 17. The data were recorded and analyzed by the software. The statistical analysis mainly included descriptive analysis, single factor analysis, Binary logistic regression analysis, and stratified regression analysis. Results: 1. perimenopausal women's psychological distress, perimenopausal symptoms, psychological resilience and social support scores were 10 in perimenopausal women's psychological distress. -40, the average score was (20.44 + 5.78). According to the demarcation standard of the K1022 score, 41.3% of the perimenopausal women reported the moderate and severe psychological distress; the range of perimenopausal symptoms was 0-28 and the average score was (10.06 + 5.80), of which the scores from high to low were: psychological symptoms (4.07 + 2.66), physical symptoms (4.07 + 2.47), and secreting. The symptoms of urinary tract were (1.92 + 1.93), the score of mental resilience was 1-40, the average score was (25.05 + 7.32), the score of the social support was 23~84, the average score (59.05 + 12.07).2. in the peri menopausal women was divided into no psychological distress group (K1022) and psychological distress group (K10 The results showed that the psychological distress group had no daily exercise, with chronic disease, the age of the menarche (16 years old) and the decrease of menstrual volume were higher than that without psychological distress group (x 2=25.65, X 2=15.12, =7.75 and 2=17.06, P0.05); the two groups were in the scores of perimenopausal symptoms, psychosoelasticity and social support. There were significant differences. The scores of peri menopausal symptoms were higher than those without psychological distress (t-15.17, P0.001), while the scores of mental resilience and social support were lower than those without psychological distress (t=8.66 and t=8.92, P0.001) in.3. perimenopausal women's psychological distress. The regression analysis of the factors of psychological distress in the perimenopausal women had no psychological distress as a cause of change. Logistic regression analysis was performed on all P0.05 variables in single factor analysis. The results showed that the physical symptoms, psychological symptoms, and genitourinary symptoms in the perimenopausal symptoms were positively related to perimenopausal psychological distress, and were the risk factors (odds ratio (OR) =1.159, OR=1.425 and OR=1.181, all P0.001); psychosoelasticity, society. It will support the negative correlation with their psychological distress. It is a protective factor (OR=0.965 and OR=0.924, P0.05).4. perimenopausal symptoms and psychosoelasticity, and the interaction effect of social support is analyzed by stratified regression analysis. The interaction effects of perimenopausal symptoms, psychosoelasticity, menstrual symptoms and social support are examined respectively. Menopause symptoms and mental resilience have a significant interaction effect on perimenopausal psychological distress (-0.071, P0.05), the net explanation of variance is 1%, while perimenopausal symptoms and social support have no interaction with psychological distress (-0.025, P0.05). Conclusion: 1. perimenopausal women have a higher level of psychological distress, the incidence of which is 41.3%.2. daily transport. Dynamic, chronic disease, age of menarche, menarche and perimenopausal psychological distress related to the perimenopausal symptoms of.3. perimenopausal symptoms are the risk factors for perimenopausal women's psychological distress, social support and psychological elasticity are the protective factors for their psychological distress. The psychological resilience buffers the adverse effects of perimenopausal symptoms on perimenopausal psychological distress.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R473.71

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