“做”黑衣壮：认同历史与文化表征

发布时间：2018-01-15 01:35

本文关键词：“做”黑衣壮：认同历史与文化表征　出处：《中央民族大学》2006年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：黑衣壮族群是主要分布在广西壮族自治区那坡县境内的一个壮族支系。在文献和已有研究成果的基础上，本文对近年来黑衣壮族群文化和民俗旅游开发的过程进行了人类学田野调查，并对黑衣壮人的族群认同与文化表征在这一过程中发生的变迁加以理论分析。以个案分析为基础，本文试图对人类学族群认同理论提出自己的某些意见和看法。本文认为，黑衣壮族群认同与文化表征的内涵和变迁必须放在具体的历史进程中才能够得以理解。从20世纪30年代开始，，广西民国政府以民族-国家现代化话语来证明所推行的民族同化运动的合法性，黑衣壮人在文化和生活方式上存在着较明显的差异性，因此逐渐被排斥到主流社会的心理、文化和政治边缘，并在时代主流话语中被想象为阻碍现代化进程的他者。黑衣壮人也在这一边缘化过程中逐渐形成自身的“污名化”认同，形成了初步的族群意识。为了回应主流社会的话语与现实暴力，黑衣壮人以民间道教信仰等本族群特有的文化因素为原料，发展出一套从“主位”立场对外部世界和他群加以文化想象和评价的话语。在这一过程中，黑衣壮人的自我、人观、伦理观等文化认知内容也随之发生改变。中华人民共和国成立后，黑衣壮人与当地其他壮族族群逐渐接受新生的壮族认同并以此为文化自我和社会身份的重要标志，各族群间的隔阂也逐渐得到修复。但是，阶级成分的划分在黑衣壮人中生产出新的另类他者，历次政治运动也对黑衣壮人的生活方式和文化传统产生了强烈的冲击。20世纪90年代后，追求现代化与弘扬民族特性的全球化话语成为时代的主流话语。由于全球化话语内在的矛盾性，在民族性与现代性两种话语的观照下，被主流社会想象为“壮族传统文化的活化石”的黑衣壮人及其文化与生活方式被涂抹上不同的色彩。一方面被视为某种浪漫的、具有鲜明民族特色的存在；另一方面又因为其物质生活和技术上的匮乏而被主流社会所歧视。在文化表征过程中，黑衣壮人发挥自身的能动性与地方政府、大众传媒、学术界进行话语和实践上的博弈，使文化自我的建构与表征形式更为丰富也更具多样性，以修复社会文化变迁和话语的象征暴力带来的“自我的碎片化”创伤，维系生活世界的稳定和意义。黑衣壮人的族群认同也在多
[Abstract]:Heiyi Zhuang nationality group is a branch of Zhuang nationality which is mainly distributed in Napo County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region. It is based on the literature and existing research results. This paper makes an anthropological field survey on the process of the development of the culture and folklore tourism of the Black-Yi Zhuang nationality in recent years. The paper also makes a theoretical analysis of the changes in the process of ethnic identity and cultural representation of the Black-clad Zhuang people, based on the case study. This paper attempts to put forward some views on anthropological ethnic identity theory. This paper holds that the connotation and changes of the identity and cultural representation of the Black clothing Zhuang ethnic group must be placed in the specific historical process to be understood. Since 1930s. The government of the Republic of Guangxi has proved the legitimacy of the national assimilation movement with the discourse of national-state modernization. There are obvious differences in the culture and lifestyle of the people in black clothes. As a result, they are gradually excluded from the psychological, cultural and political margins of the mainstream society. In the mainstream discourse of the times, he was imagined as the other who obstructed the process of modernization. In this process of marginalization, the Zhuang people in black gradually formed their own identity of "stigmatization". In order to respond to the discourse and real violence in the mainstream society, the people in black dress take folk Taoism belief as the raw material. Develop a set of themes. In the course of this process, the cultural cognitive contents of the Black-clad Zhuang people, such as the ego, the human view, the ethics view, and so on, have also changed along with the discourse of cultural imagination and evaluation of the outside world and other groups. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Black-clad Zhuang and other local Zhuang ethnic groups gradually accepted the new Zhuang identity as an important symbol of cultural self and social identity. Divisions between ethnic groups were gradually being repaired, but the division of class elements produced new alternatives among the strong in black. Previous political movements also had a strong impact on the way of life and cultural traditions of the Zhuang people in black. After 90s of the 20th century. The pursuit of modernization and the promotion of the national identity of the globalization discourse has become the mainstream discourse of the times, because of the inherent contradiction of the globalization discourse, under the consideration of two kinds of discourse, nationality and modernity. The black-clad Zhuang people, their culture and way of life, who are imagined as "living fossils of Zhuang's traditional culture" by the mainstream society, are smeared with different colors. On the one hand, they are regarded as some kind of romantic existence with distinct national characteristics. On the other hand, they are discriminated by the mainstream society because of their lack of material life and technology. In the process of cultural representation, the black clothes Zhuang people play their own initiative and local government, mass media. The academic circles play games on discourse and practice, which make the forms of cultural self-construction and representation richer and more diverse, in order to repair the "fragmentation" wound caused by social and cultural changes and symbolic violence of discourse. To maintain the stability and significance of the world of life. The ethnic identity of the Zhuang in black is also increasing
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：C95

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