民族学视野下的延边朝鲜族人口问题

发布时间：2018-02-28 13:09

本文关键词： 延边朝鲜族人口问题人口负增长人口转变　出处：《中央民族大学》2009年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 全球化时代,延边朝鲜族人口发展出现了既不同于西方发达国家又有别于中国其他民族的变化,即作为发展中国家边疆少数民族,延边朝鲜族人口生育率不断下降,并出现人口负增长。迄今为止,对延边朝鲜族人口问题的研究多采用人口学的视角,仅呈现了人口发展问题的客观现状,难以全面揭示引发问题的社会根源和文化因素。本文将人口发展问题置于社会变迁、民族文化传统以及族群生活方式等多方联系与互动中,尝试以民族学、人类学的视角进行人口问题研究。将延边朝鲜族人口问题与文化变迁理论相结合,通过民族学传统的田野调查与深入访谈,阐释蕴藏于人口生育行为背后的深层民族文化因素。同时,通过相关文献梳理,揭示延边朝鲜族人口发展变化的规律和趋势,从而对延边朝鲜族人口问题的解决途径做一些粗浅探讨,为今后国家和地方政府制定相关政策提供依据和参考。论文包括绪论、正文、结论三个部分。绪论部分主要介绍国内外相关研究动态及本研究的目的、意义和研究方法等。正文分为五章。第一章,回顾和梳理了1949年以前延边朝鲜移民的迁入史以及移民人口的发展概况。第二章,论述了1949-1990年延边朝鲜族人口发展状况及人口发展特点。第三章,依据田野调查资料,揭示出20世纪90年代以来延边朝鲜族人口发展的新特点——人口负增长,并对这一特点的产生及性质进行阐释。第四章,运用民族学、人类学文化分析的相关理论,从四个方面探析了延边朝鲜族人口负增长的原因。第五章,论述了延边朝鲜族人口负增长所引发的社会影响。结语部分对全文进行了总结: 第一,延边朝鲜族人口负增长是人口自然负增长,是长期以来民族人口转变的必然趋势。此次人口负增长不是因战争、灾害、迁移等社会因素所导致的非自然减少,而是由人口出生和死亡所致的自然绝对负增长。由于人口惯性及人口生育观念的彻底转变,人口负增长现象还将持续下去。所有这些特征充分表明,延边朝鲜族人口发展符合人口转变的特点,是长期以来民族人口转变的必然趋势。第二,长期以来,国家计划生育政策和朝鲜族重视教育的文化传统使人们的生育意愿发生彻底转变。同时,20世纪90年代以来伴随全球化出现的大规模人口流动和婚姻家庭生活变迁在客观上抑制了人口的生育行为,最终导致延边朝鲜族人口负增长。第三,延边朝鲜族人口负增长既有其积极的社会影响,也有其不容忽视的潜在危机。一方面,延边朝鲜族人口负增长减轻了区域社会的人口抚养负担,人民群众生活得到巨大改善,人口的文化素质趋向全面提升;另一方面,持续长久的人口负增长也使延边朝鲜族社会在民族人口延续、民族文化传承以及区域经济、政治生活等方面发生了一系列的变化。第四,延边朝鲜族人口发展进程充分表明,人口的生育行为虽然是一种生物现象,却始终受制于社会经济文化的发展水平,人口发展与社会文化变迁密不可分。不同于生物的自然繁衍,人口发展始终是人口对所处的社会文化环境不断调适的结果,人口再生产具有浓厚的文化色彩。通过对延边朝鲜族人口发展问题的深入研究,表明人口生育率下降并不依赖于经济发展的速度,人口生育率的下降会受到工业化发展的影响,但它与工业化实现并不必然同步,甚至可能会先于工业化实现。人口转变还在一定程度上与社会文化发展密切相关,社会文化变迁制约并影响了人口发展。本研究结论,无疑在一定程度上补充、完善了人口转变理论。
[Abstract]:The era of globalization, Yanbian Korean population development is different from the western developed country and changes different from other ethnic groups Chinese, as developing frontier minority, Yanbian Korean population growth rate is declining, and the emergence of negative population growth. So far, the research on the Yanbian Korean population studied from demography perspective only, presents the present situation of population development, it is difficult to fully reveal the social and cultural factors which caused the problem.
The problems in the social development of population, multi link and interaction between national traditional culture and ethnic life style, try to study the population problem of ethnology, anthropology perspective. The Yanbian Korean population and cultural change theory, the traditional ethnology through field investigation and in-depth interview, deep cultural factors are explained behind the population birth behavior. At the same time, through the relevant literature review, to reveal the rules and trends of Yanbian Korean population change and development of Yanbian Korean population problem solving way to do some superficial study, provide the basis and reference for the country and the local government to formulate relevant policies.
The paper consists of introduction, text, conclusion of three parts. The introduction part mainly introduces the relevant research trends at home and abroad and the research purpose, significance and research methods. The text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter reviews before 1949 Yanbian Korean immigration history and immigrant population development. The second chapter discusses the characteristics of the development of 1949-1990 years of development in Yanbian Korean population and population. In the third chapter, on the basis of field investigation, revealed that since 1990s Yanbian Korean population development new features -- negative population growth, and the nature of the characteristics of interpretation. The fourth chapter, using the related theory of anthropology ethnology, cultural analysis. From the four aspects of the Korean population growth in Yanbian. The fifth chapter discusses the social impact caused by the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population.
The concluding part summarizes the full text:
First, the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population is the natural negative growth, is the inevitable trend of the national population transformation for a long time. The negative growth population is not caused by war, disaster, migration and social factors such as non natural decrease, but by the birth and death caused by natural absolute negative growth due to changing population inertia and the fertility concept, negative population growth will continue. All of these features indicate that the Yanbian Korean population development in line with the characteristics of population change, is to change the ethnic population has long been the inevitable trend.
Second, for a long time, the national family planning policy and the Korean traditional culture makes people pay more attention to the education of the fertility desire of the complete change. At the same time, since 1990s with the emergence of globalization large-scale population flow and changes in marriage and family life has restrained the growth behavior of the population, resulting in a negative growth of Yanbian Korean population.
Third, the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population both have positive social impact, also have the potential crisis can not be ignored. On the one hand, the negative growth of Yanbian Korean population reducing regional social population dependency burden, people's life greatly improved, people tend to enhance the cultural quality; on the other hand, continued for a long time the negative population growth also makes Yanbian Korean society continues in the national population, the national cultural heritage and regional economy, a series of changes in political life.
Fourth, the development process of Yanbian Korean population showed that the population reproductive behavior is a biological phenomenon, the level of development has always been constrained by the social economy and culture, is closely related to population development and social and cultural changes. Natural reproduction is different from biology, population development is always the population on the social and cultural environment of continuous adjustment results the population reproduction, with a strong cultural color.
Through in-depth study of the problem of Yanbian Korean population development, population decline in the fertility rate that does not depend on the speed of economic development, population decline in the fertility rate will be affected by the development of industrialization and industrialization, but it does not necessarily achieve synchronization, and may even before industrialization. Population transformation is closely related to a certain extent and the development of social culture, social culture vicissitude restricted and influenced the population development. The conclusion of this research is to a certain extent, improve the demographic transition theory.

【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：C924.2;C95

【引证文献】