黠戛斯历史研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 17:14

本文选题：坚昆都督府　切入点：黠戛斯汗国　出处：《内蒙古大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 黠戛斯初见汉文史册于汉代,称为坚昆。迨至隋唐时期逐渐强大,唐代文献记作黠戛斯。黠戛斯曾先后与匈奴、丁零、鲜卑、柔然、突厥、薛延陀、回鹘等民族有过接触。曾被匈奴、鲜卑、柔然征服,也联合属部抗击过强悍的突厥、回鹘。648年,黠戛斯依傍唐朝在其地设立的坚昆都督府,逐渐发展壮大,并在八世纪初建立黠戛斯汗国。840年,一举击溃回鹘汗国,称雄漠北草原。黠戛斯是历史悠久的民族,在北方民族史中占有不容忽视的地位。由于史料匮乏,相关问题尚属薄弱环节,研究还有待进一步深入。在参考前人研究成果基础上,本文期望比较全面、系统地展现黠戛斯民族的历史面貌,并依据汉文文献、突厥文碑铭、波斯地理学家的记载等史料,利用民族语文学知识,对黠戛斯的若干历史问题进行梳理和研究,并尝试着提出自己的一些学术观点。汉文文献记载的黠戛斯族名有多种译写方式,通过比较研究认为,虽然在各个历史时期表示其族名的汉字各异,但这些用汉语译写的族名的读音几乎完全相同,根源即在于汉语语音的变化及汉语方言的差异。其次,唐代译称为黠戛斯,也另有其原由。针对文献记载的黠戛斯族源的多种说法,做了分析论述。认为黠戛斯与突厥或许同源,但仍有待进一步的研究;黠戛斯是李陵后裔之说,纯属基于各自利益演绎的假托之辞。对明确黠戛斯含混不清的地理位置有所考证,明确了其逐渐迁徙并最终定居于叶尼塞河上游的阿巴坎与克穆齐克河之间的过程。阐述了黠戛斯与邻近部族的关系。从丁零、匈奴到突厥、回鹘,特别是以黠戛斯与突厥、回鹘的关系为主,叙述了黠戛斯在与他族的交往中,逐渐发展壮大的历史过程。分析和总结了黠戛斯从一个弱小民族,成为终结回鹘政权的草原强族的原因及意义。黠戛斯可汗曾得到唐朝的册封,但是“英武诚明可汗”的封号,实是黠戛斯多次派出使者历经周折争取而来。黠戛斯击溃了回鹘,但并没有称霸漠北,而是南下天山,其中也另有原因。众所周知,黠戛斯的后裔乞儿吉思亡于大蒙古国,具体史实也存在诸多需待核实的问题,就此也做了考证。经过研究发现,黠戛斯不仅有达干、莫贺等北方民族的官号,也有宰相、都督等中原官职,因而其官制呈现多元化特征。此外黠戛斯人的经济活动除了狩猎、畜牧,农业、手工业、贸易等方面也同样繁荣。
[Abstract]:Xianjia first saw the annals of the Chinese language in the Han Dynasty, called Jian Kun. Until the Sui and Tang dynasties, the literature of the Tang Dynasty was gradually strong. The literature of the Tang Dynasty recorded the Xianjias, who had been with the Huns successively, Ding zero, Xianbei, Rilan, Turkic, Xue Yentuo, The Uighur and other ethnic groups have been in contact. They were conquered by the Huns, Xianbei, softened, and United against the powerful Turkic, Uighur. In 648, Xiangjia developed and grew gradually, depending on the government house of Jiankundu set up in the Tang Dynasty. And in the beginning of the eighth century the founding of the craftsman khanate. 840, the Uighur khanate in one fell swoop, called the northern grassland. Xiangjia is a nation with a long history and plays an important role in the history of northern nationalities. Due to the lack of historical data, the related problems are still weak links, and the research needs to be further studied. On the basis of referring to the previous research results, This paper hopes to show the historical features of the Xiangjia nationality in a more comprehensive and systematic way, and make use of the knowledge of national language and literature according to the historical data such as the Chinese literature, the inscriptions of Turkic inscriptions, the records of Persian geographers, etc. This paper combs and studies some historical problems of Coggs, and tries to put forward some academic viewpoints. There are many ways of translating and writing the names of the Xiangjia nationality recorded in the Chinese literature. Through comparative studies, it is concluded that although the Chinese characters representing their clan names are different in different historical periods, the pronunciation of these clan names translated in Chinese is almost identical. The source lies in the change of Chinese pronunciation and the difference of Chinese dialects. Secondly, the translation of Tang Dynasty is called "Xiangjia", and there are other reasons. The author thinks that Cretta and Turkic may be homologous, but they still need further study. It is based on their own interests deduction of false trust words. To clarify the ambiguous geographical location of the Cogas clarify its gradual migration and eventually settled in the upper reaches of the Yenisei between Abakan and Kemuzik River process. This paper expounds the relationship between Cindegeus and the neighboring tribes, from Ding zero, the Huns to the Turkic, the Uighur, especially the relationship between the Xiangius and the Turkic, and the Uighur, and narrates the relationship between the Cindeg and the Uighurs. This paper analyzes and summarizes the reasons and significance of the gradual development of Xiangjia from a weak nation to a strong grassland clan that ends the Uighur regime. But the title of "Yingwu Chengming Khan" was sent many times to fight for it. He defeated the Uighurs, but instead of dominating the north of the desert, he went south to the Tianshan Mountains. There are also other reasons. As we all know, Keese, a descendant of Clewing Gaga, died in Great Mongolia, and there are many problems in the history that need to be verified. The official names of the northern peoples such as Mohe also had the prime minister, and so did the officials of the Central Plains. As a result, the official system of Mohe was characterized by pluralism. Besides, the economic activities of the Xiangga were also prosperous in the fields of hunting, animal husbandry, agriculture, handicraft, trade, and so on.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K289

【引证文献】