中国西南地区6个少数民族面貌特征分析

发布时间：2018-03-30 20:39

本文选题：面部形态　切入点：个人识别　出处：《重庆医科大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:本课题通过观测分析中国西南地区6个少数民族(土家族、藏族、布依族、侗族、瑶族、哈尼族)人群面部五官图像信息和头面部X片,试图找出其成年男女五官形态特征的相似性及差异性所在,以反映出6个少数民族成年人不同性别间面部形态特征的异同,并验证骨性五官与颜面五官的相关性和一致性。方法:选择中国西南地区6个少数民族民族(土家族、藏族、布依族、侗族瑶族、哈尼族)群体中民族成分较单纯的相对隔离的村落,对血统相对纯正的个体进行面貌观察。被观察者的上辈三代以内确证是同一个民族,男女共2 009名,拍摄头面部正侧位同等条件下的照片和X片,该面部形态特征的评估采用人体测量手册之国际通用标准,统计计算出各民族19项面部特征类型的频率;选择其中的颧部、鼻根凹陷度等五个较具有个体特征的观察指标,并通过同等条件下头面部正侧位的照片和X片,验证颜面五官与骨性五官的相关性和一致性。结果:中国西南地区6个少数民族人群面部五官形态既有共同点,也有各自的民族特征。反映出本民族成年人不同性别间面部五官特征的异同和人体颜面五官与骨性五官存在相关性和一致性。中国西南地区6个少数民族成年男女的面部形态特征主要表现如下: (1)藏族:男性多为中分,长方,椭圆面;直,弓眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低。颧部中等,鼻根平,鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂中等偏宽,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻中等,颏圆直。女性多为盘发,长方,椭圆面;直,弓眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低。颧部中等,鼻根平,鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂中等偏宽,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻中等,颏圆直。 (2)侗族:男性多为中分,长方,椭圆面;直眉;重睑多于单睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低。颧部中等,鼻根平,鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂中等,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻,颏圆直,部分前突。女性多为长发,长方,椭圆面;直眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低。颧部中等,鼻根平,凹,鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平,下垂。口角水平,下垂、口裂中等偏宽,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻,颏圆直,部分前突。 (3)瑶族:男性多为短发,中分,长方,椭圆面;弓眉;重单睑各半,眉眼间距中等大,眼裂中等,内低,部分内外眼角水平。颧部突出,鼻根凹,平。鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平,下垂。口角水平,口裂中等,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻,颏圆直。女性多为盘发,长方,椭圆面;弓眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等偏大,眼裂中等,内低。颧部突出,鼻根平,凹,鼻梁直,部分凹陷。鼻尖中等,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂中等偏宽,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻中等。颏圆直。 (4)土家族:男性多为平头,中分,长方,椭圆面;弓眉;单睑多与重睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低。颧部中等,鼻根平,鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂中等偏宽,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻中等,颏圆直。女性多为盘发,长方,椭圆面;直,弓眉;单,重睑各半,眉眼间距偏大,眼裂中等,内低,颧部略有突出,鼻根平,凹,鼻梁直,略凹,鼻尖中等,钝圆,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂窄,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角中等,颏圆直。 (5)哈尼族:男性多为中分,短发,长方,椭圆面;直眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低,颧部中等,鼻根平,鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂中等,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻,颏圆直。女性多为盘发,长方,椭圆面;直,弓眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等偏大,眼裂中等,内低,颧部中等略有突出,鼻根平,凹,鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,钝圆,鼻基水平。口角水平,口裂偏宽,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻中等,颏圆直。 (6)布依族:男性多为短发,中分,椭圆面;弓,直眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低。颧部中等,鼻根平。鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平,口角水平,口裂中等,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻中等,颏圆直。女性多为长发,椭圆面;直眉;重睑,眉眼间距中等,眼裂中等,内低。颧部中等,鼻根平。鼻梁直,鼻尖中等,鼻基水平,口角水平,下垂,口裂中等,正唇,中等厚度。下颌角外翻中等,颏圆直。结论:中国西南地区6个少数民族面貌特征数据库的收集可为建立法医人类学相关数据库提供依据,并适用于法医人类学个体识别和信息重建等。
[Abstract]:Objective : To explore the similarities and differences of facial morphological features between six ethnic minorities in Southwest China ( Tujia , Tibetan , Buyi , Dong , Yao and Hannians ) .

Methods : The relative isolated villages of six ethnic groups ( Tujia , Tibetan , Buyi , Dong , Yao and Hannians ) in Southwest China were selected to observe the relatively pure individuals .

Results : The shape of the facial features of six ethnic groups in the southwest of China has both common and national characteristics , which reflects the correlation and consistency between the five official characteristics of the five officers and the five officers of the human body in different sex among the adults of this nationality . The facial features of the six minority nationality adults in the southwest of China are mainly as follows :

( 1 ) Tibetan : male , middle , long , elliptical ; straight , bow eyebrow , eyelid , eyebrow spacing medium , eye fissure moderate , internal low . There are middle and middle thickness of nose , middle width of nose , middle width of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle width of nose , middle width of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle width of nose tip , positive lip and middle thickness .

( 2 ) Dong nationality : mostly male , middle , long , elliptic , straight eyebrow , upper eyelid more than single eyelid , middle of eyebrow , middle thickness of nose , middle of nose , middle of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle of nose , middle width of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle width of nasal base , anterior lip and middle thickness .

( 3 ) Yao nationality : male is mostly short hair , middle point , long side , elliptical surface ; bow eyebrow ; heavy single eyelid every half , eyebrow eye spacing medium large , eye fissure middle , nose root concave , flat . nose bridge straight , nose tip middle , nose base level , prolapse . nose bridge is middle , nose base horizontal , nose root flat , concave , nose bridge straight , partial depression . nose tip middle , nose base level , mouth fissure middle width , positive lip , middle thickness . mandibular angle is moderate . chin is straight .

( 4 ) Tujia nationality : male is mostly flat head , middle point , long square , elliptical surface ; bow eyebrow ; single eyelid multiple and double eyelid , eyebrow hole spacing medium , eye fissure middle , internal low . There are middle and middle thickness of nose , middle width of nose , middle width of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle width of nose bridge , obtuse circle , nose base level , mouth angle level , mouth crack narrow , normal lip , middle thickness . lower jaw angle is moderate , chin is straight .

( 5 ) Hannibal : male , middle , short , long , elliptical ; straight eyebrow ; double eyelid , middle of eyebrow , middle of nose , middle of nose , middle of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle of nose , middle of nose , middle of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle of nasal tip , obtuse circle and nasal base .

( 6 ) Buyi nationality : male is mostly short hair , middle point , elliptic surface ; bow , straight eyebrow ; double eyelid , eyebrow and eye spacing medium , eye fissure middle , internal low . There are middle and middle thickness of nose , middle of nose , middle of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle part of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle thickness of nose , middle part of nose , middle thickness , middle thickness , middle and middle thickness .

Conclusion : The collection of feature database of 6 national minorities in Southwest China can provide the basis for establishing the relevant database of forensic anthropology , and is applicable to the individual identification and information reconstruction of forensic anthropology .

【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：C95

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