再释“土司”一词的演变

发布时间：2018-04-01 22:29

  本文选题：土司　切入点：演变　出处：《青海民族研究》2017年02期

【摘要】："土司"一词究竟如何界定,学界至今仍然是众说纷纭,见仁见智,但将"土司"一词在明、清两朝的演变细细梳理一番,则"土司"一词在不同时期的所指亦有脉络可寻。嘉靖时期"土司"一词刚刚从"土官"一词中衍生出来,使用次数很少,是明朝以来民间对于兵部或吏部所管辖的宣慰司、宣抚司、安抚司、招讨司、长官司等土官机构或首领约定俗成的泛称。万历至明末,"土司"一词开始普及,其所指与嘉靖年间大体相当,但也有个别例外。清朝以来,"土司"一词普遍泛化,往往与"土官"一词混用。无论是文职土官,还是武职土官,亦或藏族、维吾尔族部落首领均可称为"土司"。由此导致在《大清会典》中,吏部既管辖文职土官,也管辖文职土司;同样兵部既管辖武职土官,也管辖武职土司。清代"土官"、"土司"两词虽可混用,但吏部与兵部的管辖职责却是清晰的。
[Abstract]:The word "toast" how to define, the academia is still Different people, different views. but will, Public opinions are divergent., "toast" in the Ming and Qing two dynasties evolution carefully combed a "toast" word in different period refers also to trace. During the Jiajing period "chieftain" is a word just derived from the "soil," one word, using a small number, is the Ming Dynasty folk for the Hyobu or official department under the jurisdiction of the agency, Xuan Fusi, Fusi, bandit suppression Commission, chief officer or chief of conventional soil mechanism general. At the end of Ming Dynasty Wanli, "toast" word began to spread, the refers to the Jiajing period roughly, but there are a few exceptions. Since the Qing Dynasty, the word "toast" universal generalization, often with "tuguan" mix. Both civilian or military officer officer soil, soil, or Tibetan, Uygur tribal leaders are referred to as "toast" resulting in. < > Qing code, the Ministry of personnel Both the jurisdiction of civilian tuguan, also under the jurisdiction of the same department is under the jurisdiction of civilian chieftain; military officer is under the jurisdiction of uniformed soil, toast. The Qing Dynasty "tuguan", "toast" two words can be used, but the official department and the jurisdiction of the duty is clear.

【作者单位】： 兰州大学;
【基金】：“兰州大学2015年度中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目”(批准号:15LZUJBWZY033)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H134;K28
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本文编号：1697603