国家政策在民族地区的波尾效应和红利现象研究

发布时间：2018-04-06 03:08

本文选题：国家政策　切入点：民族地区　出处：《云南大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：民族发展是贯穿多民族国家民族问题和民族关系的一条主线。民族发展也是我国马克思主义民族理论和政策所关注的最突出、最核心、最根本的问题。马克思主义把民族问题放在无产阶级的彻底解放和人的全面自由发展的高度,提出了民族平等民族繁荣的基本原则。社会主义制度在中国的建立,消灭了阶级剥削和阶级压迫,为民族平等和繁荣的实现创造了政治条件。但是,受历史自然环境等条件限制,少数民族和民族地区自身发展基础薄弱,自身发展能力弱,各民族在经济社会等方面存在着事实上的不平等。因此,采取各种措施加快各少数民族和民族地区发展,既符合我国民族工作的本质要求,也是我们党民族政策的基本出发点和归宿。政策是国家分配资源的权威性手段和形式。在社会发展中,国家政策不仅体现着国家政治发展的价值,而且对国家经济社会的发展发挥着资源配置、资源调整、国家发展战略布局及规范国家行为等作用。国家政策是民族地区资源优势转化为发展优势、竞争优势,推动民族地区经济社会发展的重要手段。国家政策在民族地区的发展中,实际体现出国家经济社会发展的总体战略,也具有区域性经济社会发展中资源调整,平衡的作用,同时,又具有体现国家在处理民族问题,调整民族关系上的价值倾向。国家在民族地区施行的政策是党和国家的民族理论与民族工作实践的中介,是党和国家处理民族问题的政治主张向具体民族工作转化的中间环节。对党和国家经济政策在边疆民族地区预先政策目标设定实际效应的科学评估,有利于我们从全面思考政策设定的价值目标,政策对促进民族地区经济社会发展的实际效果,不断修改补充完善政策,充分发挥政策对推动边疆民族地区科学发展和谐发展跨越发展的积极作用。在促进区域的发展中,政策总是起到关键作用。要把资源优势转变成竞争优势、发展优势,最关键的一点就是制定和实施经济政策的的过程中,由于政策管理者(政策执行的干部基础)、政策受体(政策执行的群众基础)以及政策执行环境(政策执行的地理和基础条件)等各种因素影响,政策在施行过程中出现了达不到预期目的、同一政策在同一时期的不同地区、同一政策在同一地区的不同时期施行的效果不一样等明显的政策红利现象与波尾效应。红利现象最先产生于西方股票市场,是指超过了原本收益的一种额外利益,并包含利益分配的一种现象。随着经济社会的发展,红利这一现象在许多领域都得到了体现。政策红利是从红利概念衍生而来的,它是指国家和政府为发展经济或解决某些社会问题而制定的政策,使得经济、社会发展“由此获得额外的增长源泉”的现象。它的产生及大小同政策制定的时代主题(政策的区域指向和产业指向)、政策管理者(政策执行的干部基础)、政策受体以及政策施行环境密切相联系的,政策红利大小、时间长短都同具体的政策实施相关。国家政策在民族地区施行的过程中,对经济社会发展所产生的红利称之为国家政策红利。改革开放以来,党和各级政府始终把发展边境民族地区经济放在头等的位置,对边疆多民族地区的发展给予了充分的关注和政策上的有力支持,尤其是在西部大开发战略实施中,随着中央财政转移支付力度的加大,各项扶贫惠民政策措施的实施,边疆多民族地区进入到快速发展的黄金时期,特惠政策在民族地区实施的过程中产生了明显的政策红利。政策本身并必然产生红利现象,如果政策脱离民族地区发展实际,如果政策缺乏相关的政策配套,缺乏转化为实践环节的相应机制体制保障,或者说执行过程中,受到执行者自身素质、机制体制的制约等因素的影响,国家在民族地区的各项政策就会出现类似波涛呼啸而过后的风平浪静的效果。即政策没有充分发挥出应有的社会效应。我们称为波尾效应。放大国家政策在边疆民族地区政策的红利现象,避免波尾效应,最大限度地促进民族地区经济社会跨越式发展,首要的工作就是科学决策。坚持实事求是的思想方法,坚持从少数民族和民族地区的发展实际出发,因地制宜、分类指导；提高民族地区各级政府政策的执行力；以及加强对国家政策的宣传理解,注重对政策的评估与优化,是全面提高和发挥国家政策的实践效应。当前,少数民族地区在发展进程中遇到的矛盾和问题,无论规模还是复杂性都是世界罕见的。新一轮西部大开发战略的实施从更高的层面为民族地区的发展提供了更多地政策资源。民族地区的发展不仅需要谋划创造更多的政策“红利”,更是重新谋划如何扩大政策“红利”。通过深化体制发展；加大干部素质的提升和能力锻炼；探索政策实施的监督机制等手段,进一步提高行政执行力,实现国家政策地民族地区经济社会发展中的红利。
[Abstract]:The national development is a main line that runs through the national and national relations of the multi - ethnic group . The national development is also the most prominent , core and fundamental problem of the Marxist national theory and policy of our country . Marxism puts forward the basic principle of the nation ' s national prosperity . However , the establishment of the socialist system in China , the elimination of the class exploitation and class oppression , and the realization of the national equality and prosperity create political conditions . Therefore , we have adopted various measures to speed up the development of ethnic minorities and ethnic areas , which is not only in accordance with the essential requirements of our national work , but also the basic starting point and the end of our Party ' s national policy .

The national policy not only embodies the value of the country ' s political development , but also plays the role of resource allocation , resource adjustment , national development strategic layout and national action .

The policy of the State in the minority areas is an intermediary between the national theory and the national work practice of the Party and the State . It is an intermediate link for the Party and the State to deal with the ethnic problems . The scientific evaluation of the actual effect of the Party and State economic policies in advance policy objectives in the frontier minority areas is conducive to the practical effect of the policy setting for the minority areas . The policy is beneficial to the promotion of the economic and social development of the minority areas . The policy is constantly amended to complement and perfect the policies and give full play to the positive role of the policy in promoting the harmonious development of the scientific development of the frontier ethnic areas .

In the promotion of regional development , policies always play a key role . In order to transform the advantages of resources into competitive advantage and development advantage , the most crucial point is to formulate and implement economic policies .

The dividend phenomenon is first produced in the western stock market , which refers to a phenomenon that exceeds the original income , and contains a phenomenon of interest distribution . As the economic and social development , the phenomenon of dividend is reflected in many fields .

Since the reform and opening - up , the party and the governments at all levels have always put the development of the border ethnic minority areas into the first place and have given sufficient attention and strong support to the development of the multi - ethnic areas in the border areas , especially in the implementation of the western development strategy .

To enlarge the policies of national policies in frontier ethnic areas , avoid the wave - tail effect , to maximize the economic and social development of ethnic regions , the first task is to make scientific decision - making , adhere to the ideological method of seeking truth from facts , persist in the development of national minorities and ethnic areas , and give guidance to local conditions and classification ;
To improve the implementation of government policies at all levels in ethnic areas ;
As well as strengthening the public understanding of the national policy , paying attention to the evaluation and optimization of the policy is the practical effect of comprehensively improving and exerting the national policy .

At present , the conflicts and problems encountered by ethnic minority regions in the development process are rare in the world , both of scale and complexity . The implementation of the new western development strategy provides more policy resources for the development of ethnic regions from higher levels .
Increase the quality of the cadres and the ability to exercise ;
To explore the supervision mechanism and other means of policy implementation , further improve the administrative enforcement ability , and realize the dividend in the economic and social development of the national policy .

【学位授予单位】：云南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：C95

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